Trade dependence: who each country relies on

Countries and blocs

Country	Largest supplier	Share	HHI	Products > 50%
European Union (outside the EU)	China	22.3%	842	379
United States	Mexico	15.5%	741	359
China	South Korea	7.2%	374	308
Germany	China	12.2%	461	186
France	Germany	13.5%	579	217
United Kingdom	China	13.4%	531	271
Japan	China	22.7%	834	513
India	China	17.8%	627	487
Hong Kong	China	40.6%	1,927	517
Netherlands	Germany	16%	612	256
South Korea	China	22.3%	833	534
Italy	Germany	14.3%	524	181
Mexico	United States	43%	2,339	652
Canada	United States	49.8%	2,682	638
Singapore	Taiwan	13.4%	704	362
Spain	Germany	11.3%	506	229
Belgium	Netherlands	22%	925	264
Poland	Germany	20.8%	784	267
Switzerland	Germany	17.9%	605	327
Vietnam	China	42.1%	2,142	708
Taiwan	China	21.5%	960	453
Turkey	China	14.2%	503	312
United Arab Emirates	China	20.9%	781	439
Thailand	China	28%	1,067	549
Malaysia	China	23.3%	927	536
Australia	China	26%	1,003	450
Brazil	China	25.6%	1,023	486
Indonesia	China	32.4%	1,307	554
Czechia	Germany	21.1%	889	235
Saudi Arabia	China	23.9%	798	374
Russia	China	56.4%	3,277	734
Austria	Germany	33.2%	1,328	348
Sweden	Germany	16.3%	654	255
Hungary	Germany	22.4%	802	212
Ireland	United States	17.3%	884	279
Philippines	China	26.9%	1,066	509
Romania	Germany	18.2%	662	218
Denmark	Germany	19.3%	785	243
Portugal	Spain	32.5%	1,359	414
Slovakia	Germany	15.8%	714	201
Norway	China	11.8%	561	246
South Africa	China	22.2%	707	420
Egypt	China	16.6%	572	380
Morocco	Spain	16.8%	720	330
Greece	Germany	10.3%	460	245
Israel	China	14.1%	576	276
Chile	China	24.5%	1,181	462
Finland	Germany	14%	624	231
Slovenia	Switzerland	23.8%	1,003	225
Ukraine	China	19.9%	785	292
Bangladesh	China	35.9%	1,728	586
Colombia	United States	26.5%	1,457	440
Kazakhstan	Russia	29.1%	1,580	487
Pakistan	China	29%	1,110	541
Argentina	Brazil	23.5%	1,125	418
Peru	China	29.2%	1,327	450
Bulgaria	China	10.7%	432	245
Iraq	China	30.9%	1,694	497
Nigeria	China	29.8%	1,164	481
New Zealand	China	21.1%	882	358
Croatia	Germany	14.1%	688	172
Algeria	China	26.7%	1,058	422
Lithuania	Poland	13.8%	606	210
Serbia	Germany	11.9%	481	192
Kuwait	China	18.5%	705	262
Panama	China	15.6%	983	276
Cambodia	China	36.8%	2,111	548
Qatar	China	14.3%	555	219
Uzbekistan	China	28.9%	1,434	430
Dominican Republic	United States	39.4%	1,989	396
Guatemala	United States	29.5%	1,421	330
Ecuador	United States	26.9%	1,374	364
Luxembourg	Belgium	24.4%	1,402	252
Tunisia	Italy	12.4%	660	262
Oman	China	23.4%	995	360
Costa Rica	United States	36.5%	1,719	331
Azerbaijan	China	16.1%	798	317
Liberia	China	56.9%	3,824	185
Iran	China	39.6%	2,018	510
Latvia	Lithuania	19.3%	784	162
Kenya	China	25.1%	962	389
Estonia	Germany	10.9%	542	176
Jordan	China	22.8%	841	382
Libya	China	17.1%	822	333
Ghana	China	48.3%	2,470	455
Myanmar	China	37%	2,038	491
Sri Lanka	China	22.9%	1,175	352
Côte d'Ivoire	China	16.6%	624	267
Lebanon	China	10.9%	484	235
Georgia	Turkey	15.6%	697	282
Armenia	Russia	52.6%	2,929	243
Paraguay	China	32.2%	1,724	371
Tanzania	China	31.9%	1,380	372
Bahrain	Saudi Arabia	14.5%	680	239
Honduras	United States	34.9%	1,628	300
Belarus	China	39.4%	2,008	384
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Italy	12.4%	666	192
El Salvador	United States	27%	1,251	312
Malta	China	21.2%	1,007	144
Mozambique	South Africa	41.5%	2,042	333
Kyrgyzstan	China	36.9%	1,784	353
Angola	China	16.5%	605	228
Cyprus	Greece	22.1%	804	149
Uganda	China	19.5%	810	330
Venezuela	China	35.1%	2,295	404
Senegal	China	16.9%	575	266
Macao	China	33.5%	1,630	247
Uruguay	China	22.5%	1,206	305
Marshall Islands	China	41.6%	2,313	67
North Macedonia	United Kingdom	10.8%	588	175
Zambia	South Africa	24.9%	1,070	291
Nicaragua	United States	23.2%	1,053	288
Democratic Republic of the Congo	China	37.6%	1,751	349
Nepal	India	67.5%	5,009	507
Iceland	China	11.3%	555	110
Gibraltar	Italy	27.9%	1,239	107
Zimbabwe	South Africa	39.2%	1,902	302
Bolivia	China	23%	1,051	261
Moldova	Romania	17.6%	817	198
Albania	Italy	21.5%	887	234
Namibia	South Africa	37.1%	1,597	376
Bahamas	United States	62.5%	4,078	358
Yemen	China	28.1%	1,297	359
Laos	Thailand	56.4%	4,510	419
Mongolia	China	54%	3,184	290
Cameroon	China	44.1%	2,118	319
Togo	China	24.4%	1,021	266
Trinidad and Tobago	United States	30.5%	1,250	252
Brunei	Malaysia	31.3%	1,373	158
Guinea	China	50.6%	2,746	303
Guyana	United States	32.6%	1,412	215
Ethiopia	China	43.5%	2,135	339
Mauritius	China	18.2%	748	220
Djibouti	China	44%	2,354	358
Cayman Islands	Netherlands	35%	2,200	205
Burkina Faso	China	16.4%	704	154
Botswana	South Africa	67%	4,754	377
Jamaica	United States	39.7%	1,955	293
Tajikistan	China	55.5%	3,449	348
Mali	Côte d'Ivoire	27.2%	1,536	157
Afghanistan	China	27%	1,838	248
Papua New Guinea	Australia	29.1%	1,801	300
Mauritania	China	17%	766	201
Madagascar	China	26.4%	1,048	218
Montenegro	Serbia	19.6%	768	126
Republic of the Congo	China	34%	1,399	219
Benin	India	16.3%	678	152
Maldives	India	22%	1,069	117
Turkmenistan	Turkey	28%	1,639	272
Syria	Turkey	56.4%	3,387	220
Cuba	Spain	22.4%	1,155	205
Sudan	Egypt	23.4%	1,537	233
Haiti	United States	33.2%	2,007	189
Malawi	China	16%	797	186
Fiji	Singapore	23.3%	1,259	160
Somalia	China	30.3%	1,758	190
Bermuda	South Korea	61%	4,519	185
Gabon	China	26.5%	1,317	168
Barbados	United States	31.7%	1,525	191
Eswatini	South Africa	79.3%	6,365	300
Rwanda	China	24.2%	1,137	178
Sierra Leone	China	38.9%	1,887	159
Palestine	Turkey	39.7%	2,244	182
Suriname	United States	20.5%	908	123
North Korea	China	94.3%	8,916	219
Lesotho	South Africa	77.8%	6,187	236
Gambia	China	19.5%	815	120
Andorra	Spain	71.9%	5,451	203
Niger	China	18.8%	741	101
New Caledonia	France	40.9%	2,217	184
Seychelles	United Arab Emirates	31.6%	1,280	54
Curaçao	United States	47.3%	2,740	108
Belize	United States	40.5%	2,121	158
Saint Lucia	United States	62.1%	4,031	81
Bhutan	India	81.6%	6,747	193
French Polynesia	France	24.8%	1,021	103
Aruba	United States	52.8%	3,043	115
Chad	China	32.3%	1,397	102
South Sudan	Uganda	43.5%	2,541	99
Timor-Leste	Indonesia	37.7%	2,223	143
British Virgin Islands	United States	23.9%	1,401	74
Cabo Verde	Portugal	42.7%	2,066	122
Equatorial Guinea	China	16.8%	820	101
Greenland	Denmark	66.4%	4,754	165
Sint Maarten	United States	76.5%	5,942	106
Antigua and Barbuda	United States	39.8%	1,774	110
Central African Republic	Cameroon	23.6%	1,214	61
Guam	South Korea	30.7%	1,807	58
Grenada	United States	33.5%	1,526	84
Samoa	New Zealand	19%	1,102	59
Turks and Caicos Islands	United States	69.6%	4,919	104
Solomon Islands	China	37.4%	2,000	88
Guinea-Bissau	Portugal	24%	1,384	58
Vanuatu	China	34.5%	1,730	59
Burundi	China	18.5%	1,014	75
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	United States	28.2%	1,345	50
San Marino	Germany	27.3%	1,203	44
Comoros	China	27.4%	1,151	60
Eritrea	China	46.2%	2,476	55
Saint Kitts and Nevis	United States	41.6%	2,047	50
Tonga	China	23.5%	1,755	53
Dominica	United States	18.9%	958	45
Cook Islands	New Zealand	35.8%	2,351	28
American Samoa	Malaysia	37.3%	1,977	21
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	United Kingdom	55.7%	4,162	25
Saint Barthélemy	France	80.7%	6,601	45
Anguilla	Chile	59.2%	4,358	26
Kiribati	China	28.8%	1,438	34
Palau	China	24.4%	1,291	17
Micronesia	United States	26.1%	1,608	26
São Tomé and Principe	Portugal	44.2%	2,426	22
Northern Mariana Islands	Singapore	57.8%	3,599	12
British Indian Ocean Territory	Singapore	53%	4,445	7
Tuvalu	Fiji	35.7%	2,242	8
Nauru	Australia	50.7%	3,129	10

The 50 dependencies with the highest value

Importer	Supplier	Dominated value	Share of total imports	Products > 50%
European Union (outside the EU)	China	$319.7 billion	11.4%	209
Canada	United States	$184.2 billion	35.5%	490
United States	Canada	$171.7 billion	5.4%	101
Mexico	United States	$153 billion	27.8%	408
Hong Kong	China	$136.1 billion	20%	368
United States	China	$111.2 billion	3.5%	98
United States	Mexico	$102.2 billion	3.2%	30
Vietnam	China	$101.4 billion	26.9%	549
Russia	China	$101.4 billion	50.2%	552
Japan	China	$97.7 billion	13.6%	293
China	Australia	$81.5 billion	3.8%	8
India	China	$72.1 billion	10.5%	315
South Korea	China	$59.4 billion	9.5%	344
European Union (outside the EU)	United States	$51.8 billion	1.9%	29
Germany	China	$51.5 billion	3.9%	53
Thailand	China	$49.6 billion	16.5%	384
Indonesia	China	$49.3 billion	21.3%	398
Australia	China	$41.9 billion	14.5%	260
China	Brazil	$40.6 billion	1.9%	6
China	Indonesia	$40.4 billion	1.9%	25
Belgium	Netherlands	$34.8 billion	9%	88
Brazil	China	$34.1 billion	12.3%	263
China	Vietnam	$34.1 billion	1.6%	13
Taiwan	China	$33.8 billion	9.4%	252
Mexico	China	$31.8 billion	5.8%	156
Saudi Arabia	China	$29.5 billion	13.2%	204
Malaysia	China	$28.8 billion	9.6%	363
United Kingdom	China	$24.8 billion	3.4%	96
Japan	Australia	$24.1 billion	3.3%	12
United Arab Emirates	China	$22.6 billion	7.3%	221
United States	Ireland	$21.2 billion	0.67%	4
European Union (outside the EU)	Switzerland	$20.1 billion	0.72%	16
Austria	Germany	$19 billion	9.5%	209
Philippines	China	$18 billion	13%	319
Japan	United States	$17.8 billion	2.5%	54
Turkey	Russia	$17.3 billion	5.5%	15
Germany	Norway	$16.7 billion	1.3%	2
Bangladesh	China	$16.3 billion	25.7%	367
Portugal	Spain	$16.1 billion	14.2%	287
Pakistan	China	$14.7 billion	24.2%	405
France	China	$14.5 billion	2%	48
Czechia	China	$14.3 billion	6.4%	42
United Kingdom	Norway	$14.3 billion	2%	6
Brazil	United States	$14 billion	5.1%	40
Japan	Taiwan	$13.7 billion	1.9%	6
Singapore	China	$13.6 billion	3.1%	124
United Arab Emirates	India	$13.5 billion	4.4%	66
Liberia	China	$12.8 billion	55.8%	119
Turkey	China	$12.5 billion	4%	127
Chile	China	$12.3 billion	14.8%	268

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.