Summary
- Largest supplier: Thailand
- 56.4%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 4,510
- Products with a supplier above 50%
- 419
- Products with a supplier above 75%
- 243
Concentration index (HHI): 4,510 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 2 suppliers of the same size
Trend
Trend in shares
China went from 8.6% to 36.4% of what Laos buys
Share (%)
- Thailand 56.4%
- China 36.4%
- South Korea 1.2%
- Japan 1%
- Singapore 0.72%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest supplier | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Thailand | 63.1% |
| 1996 | Thailand | 64.9% |
| 1997 | Thailand | 70.9% |
| 1998 | Thailand | 74.1% |
| 1999 | Thailand | 73% |
| 2000 | Thailand | 63.5% |
| 2001 | Thailand | 63.4% |
| 2002 | Thailand | 62.3% |
| 2003 | Thailand | 63.4% |
| 2004 | Thailand | 60.2% |
| 2005 | Thailand | 68.7% |
| 2006 | Thailand | 69.3% |
| 2007 | Thailand | 70.3% |
| 2008 | Thailand | 69.9% |
| 2009 | Thailand | 63.1% |
| 2010 | Thailand | 62.8% |
| 2011 | Thailand | 60.8% |
| 2012 | Thailand | 58.2% |
| 2013 | Thailand | 57% |
| 2014 | Thailand | 57.3% |
| 2015 | Thailand | 59.6% |
| 2016 | Thailand | 61.3% |
| 2017 | Thailand | 52.3% |
| 2018 | Thailand | 56.3% |
| 2019 | Thailand | 51.6% |
| 2020 | Thailand | 49.5% |
| 2021 | Thailand | 50.4% |
| 2022 | Thailand | 50.5% |
| 2023 | Thailand | 49.8% |
| 2024 | Thailand | 56.4% |
Its suppliers
Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.
Products with a dominant supplier
Of the 457 products Laos buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.
| Product | Supplier | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refined petroleum | Thailand | 98.1%over 75% | China · 1.7% | $1.3 billion |
| Trucks | China | 56.3% | Thailand · 25% | $278 million |
| Cane and beet sugar | Thailand | 100%over 75% | South Korea · 0% | $230 million |
| Bulldozers and excavators | China | 58.8% | Thailand · 27.4% | $208 million |
| Gold | Thailand | 99%over 75% | United States · 0.96% | $174 million |
| Other industrial machines | China | 86.3%over 75% | Hungary · 9.9% | $173 million |
| Electricity | Thailand | 95.3%over 75% | China · 4.7% | $161 million |
| Soft drinks | Thailand | 94%over 75% | Cambodia · 3.1% | $133 million |
| Tractors | Thailand | 80.6%over 75% | China · 19.2% | $118 million |
| Cameras and broadcast equipment | China | 51.4% | Thailand · 29.9% | $108 million |
| Plastic packaging | Thailand | 83.2%over 75% | China · 15.7% | $96 million |
| Coated flat steel | China | 92%over 75% | Thailand · 8% | $92 million |
| Detergents and surfactants | Thailand | 93%over 75% | China · 5.6% | $92 million |
| Nitrogen fertilizers | China | 60.3% | Thailand · 39.7% | $88 million |
| Cables and wire | China | 76.1%over 75% | Thailand · 20.1% | $84 million |
| Firewood and wood chips | Thailand | 100%over 75% | — | $80 million |
| New tires | China | 64% | Thailand · 34.6% | $78 million |
| Mixed fertilizers | China | 51.2% | Thailand · 48.8% | $75 million |
| Silicon wafers for electronics | China | 97%over 75% | Thailand · 2.4% | $71 million |
| Motorcycles | China | 66.9% | Thailand · 32.9% | $71 million |
| Steel bars | Thailand | 58.6% | China · 41.4% | $70 million |
| Transformers and power supplies | China | 82.1%over 75% | Thailand · 16.7% | $68 million |
| Spirits | China | 85.3%over 75% | Thailand · 5.3% | $67 million |
| Pasta | Thailand | 88.7%over 75% | South Korea · 7% | $63 million |
| Generating sets | China | 96.5%over 75% | Thailand · 3.4% | $61 million |
and 394 more
A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.
Selling: who it relies on
- Largest customer: China
- 38.9%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 2,599
Concentration index (HHI): 2,599 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 4 customers of the same size
Trend in shares
China went from 2.7% to 38.9% of what Laos sells
Share (%)
- China 38.9%
- Thailand 31.4%
- United States 7.9%
- Australia 4%
- Germany 2.7%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest customer | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Thailand | 28.4% |
| 1996 | Thailand | 24.5% |
| 1997 | Thailand | 21.4% |
| 1998 | Thailand | 15% |
| 1999 | Thailand | 23.6% |
| 2000 | Vietnam | 28.2% |
| 2001 | Thailand | 26.4% |
| 2002 | Thailand | 27.3% |
| 2003 | Thailand | 27.5% |
| 2004 | Thailand | 25.4% |
| 2005 | Thailand | 36.6% |
| 2006 | Thailand | 45.5% |
| 2007 | Thailand | 40.3% |
| 2008 | Thailand | 43.7% |
| 2009 | Thailand | 32.5% |
| 2010 | Thailand | 31.5% |
| 2011 | Thailand | 33.5% |
| 2012 | Thailand | 35.2% |
| 2013 | Thailand | 28% |
| 2014 | China | 37.2% |
| 2015 | Thailand | 32.6% |
| 2016 | Thailand | 38.4% |
| 2017 | Thailand | 40.1% |
| 2018 | Thailand | 41.3% |
| 2019 | Thailand | 37% |
| 2020 | Thailand | 41.1% |
| 2021 | Thailand | 33.5% |
| 2022 | Thailand | 31.3% |
| 2023 | China | 28.8% |
| 2024 | China | 38.9% |
117 of the 154 products Laos sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Laos sells of that product; in 86, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 76.6% of what Laos sells.
| Product | Customer | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity | Thailand | 90.2%over 75% | Cambodia · 9.8% | $2.4 billion |
| Potash fertilizers | China | 73.1% | Thailand · 12.5% | $826 million |
| Gold | Australia | 57.2% | Switzerland · 23.2% | $725 million |
| Iron ore | China | 100%over 75% | — | $480 million |
| Copper ore | China | 100%over 75% | — | $476 million |
| Uncoated paper | China | 99.6%over 75% | Thailand · 0.33% | $434 million |
| Diodes, transistors and solar cells | United States | 91.9%over 75% | India · 3% | $410 million |
| Cassava and other roots | Thailand | 99.3%over 75% | China · 0.67% | $400 million |
| Natural rubber | China | 99.3%over 75% | India · 0.34% | $398 million |
| Dissolving wood pulp | China | 100%over 75% | — | $289 million |
| Rare earth compounds | China | 100%over 75% | — | $260 million |
| Starches | China | 97%over 75% | Taiwan · 2% | $198 million |
| Synthetic rubber | China | 100%over 75% | Luxembourg · 0.02% | $174 million |
| Monitors and projectors | Thailand | 62.5% | United States · 28.2% | $130 million |
| Refined copper | Thailand | 51.3% | China · 48.7% | $109 million |
and 102 more
Concentration compared
The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).
| Rank | Country | HHI |
|---|---|---|
| 11 | Botswana | 4,754 |
| 12 | Bermuda | 4,519 |
| 13 | Laos | 4,510 |
| 14 | British Indian Ocean Territory | 4,445 |
| 15 | Anguilla | 4,358 |
| 16 | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 4,162 |
Links
Sources and method
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.
Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.
The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.
Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.
The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.
Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.