Summary
- Largest supplier: Singapore
- 53%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 4,445
- Products with a supplier above 50%
- 7
- Products with a supplier above 75%
- 7
Concentration index (HHI): 4,445 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 2 suppliers of the same size
Trend
Trend in shares
Singapore went from 0% to 53% of what the British Indian Ocean Territory buys
Share (%)
- Singapore 53%
- Greece 40.2%
- United States 5.1%
- Panama 0.82%
- United Kingdom 0.42%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest supplier | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | United Kingdom | 47.6% |
| 1996 | United Kingdom | 48.7% |
| 1997 | United Kingdom | 41.3% |
| 1998 | Turkey | 53.6% |
| 1999 | Singapore | 61.7% |
| 2000 | Singapore | 30.2% |
| 2001 | Singapore | 57.4% |
| 2002 | Singapore | 67.8% |
| 2003 | United States | 46.3% |
| 2004 | United States | 34.4% |
| 2005 | Germany | 47.2% |
| 2006 | Germany | 55.6% |
| 2007 | Germany | 59.2% |
| 2008 | Germany | 22% |
| 2009 | Germany | 33.1% |
| 2010 | Canada | 44.2% |
| 2011 | Singapore | 72% |
| 2012 | Singapore | 73.3% |
| 2013 | Russia | 42% |
| 2014 | Panama | 54.9% |
| 2015 | Panama | 57% |
| 2016 | Singapore | 74.5% |
| 2017 | United States | 47.4% |
| 2018 | Panama | 32.2% |
| 2019 | Singapore | 34.4% |
| 2020 | Singapore | 39.5% |
| 2021 | Singapore | 64.4% |
| 2022 | Singapore | 73.9% |
| 2023 | Greece | 52.3% |
| 2024 | Singapore | 53% |
Its suppliers
Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.
Products with a dominant supplier
Of the 7 products the British Indian Ocean Territory buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.
| Product | Supplier | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refined petroleum | Greece | 100%over 75% | United States · 0.01% | $34 million |
| Prefabricated buildings | Singapore | 100%over 75% | — | $15 million |
| Aluminum structures | Singapore | 100%over 75% | Panama · 0.03% | $8 million |
| Animal by-products | Singapore | 100%over 75% | — | $7 million |
| Steel structures | Singapore | 85.9%over 75% | Panama · 14.1% | $3 million |
| Medical and dental instruments | United States | 99.9%over 75% | Singapore · 0.06% | $1 million |
| Sorting and crushing machines | Singapore | 100%over 75% | — | $1 million |
A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.
Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.
Selling: who it relies on
- Largest customer: Singapore
- 51.7%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 3,935
Concentration index (HHI): 3,935 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 3 customers of the same size
Trend in shares
Singapore went from 0% to 51.7% of what the British Indian Ocean Territory sells
Share (%)
- Singapore 51.7%
- Cabo Verde 35.4%
- United States 2.1%
- France 2.1%
- Pakistan 2%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest customer | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Germany | 86.3% |
| 1996 | Germany | 81.4% |
| 1997 | United States | 46.6% |
| 1998 | Germany | 52.4% |
| 1999 | Singapore | 93.3% |
| 2000 | Singapore | 91% |
| 2001 | Singapore | 96.1% |
| 2002 | Singapore | 95.6% |
| 2003 | Nigeria | 17.5% |
| 2004 | Indonesia | 29.1% |
| 2005 | Dominican Republic | 31.5% |
| 2006 | Costa Rica | 24.3% |
| 2007 | Nigeria | 19.8% |
| 2008 | Mozambique | 53.8% |
| 2009 | Sudan | 43.2% |
| 2010 | United States | 26.9% |
| 2011 | United States | 39.8% |
| 2012 | United States | 62.1% |
| 2013 | United States | 53.5% |
| 2014 | Singapore | 55.3% |
| 2015 | United States | 48.8% |
| 2016 | United States | 59.7% |
| 2017 | United States | 47.4% |
| 2018 | Singapore | 51.6% |
| 2019 | Brunei | 90.1% |
| 2020 | Singapore | 85.4% |
| 2021 | Singapore | 68.2% |
| 2022 | Singapore | 77.2% |
| 2023 | Singapore | 84.5% |
| 2024 | Singapore | 51.7% |
2 of the 2 products the British Indian Ocean Territory sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what the British Indian Ocean Territory sells of that product; in 2, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 80.5% of what the British Indian Ocean Territory sells.
| Product | Customer | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frozen fish | Singapore | 100%over 75% | — | $11 million |
| Refined petroleum | Cabo Verde | 99.8%over 75% | Singapore · 0.16% | $7 million |
Concentration compared
The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).
| Rank | Country | HHI |
|---|---|---|
| 12 | Bermuda | 4,519 |
| 13 | Laos | 4,510 |
| 14 | British Indian Ocean Territory | 4,445 |
| 15 | Anguilla | 4,358 |
| 16 | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 4,162 |
| 17 | Bahamas | 4,078 |
Links
Sources and method
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.
Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.
The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.
Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.
The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.
Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.