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Turkey trade in 2024

In 2024, Turkey exported $273.2 billion and imported $315.1 billion, a trade deficit of $41.8 billion. It was the world's 28th-largest exporter, with 1.2% of world exports. Its top export was cars (4.8% of the total) and its main trading partner was Germany (8.6% of its trade).

Summary

Exports
$273.2billion
Imports
$315.1billion
Trade balance
-$41.8billion
Routes to the main partners. Width: trade value; color: estimated transport mode.SeaAirLand
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Products

What it exports

Cars (4.8%) and refined petroleum (4.3%) together make up 9.2% of its exports.

  1. Cars$13.2 billion · 4.8%
    Main partner: France
  2. Refined petroleum$11.8 billion · 4.3%
    Main partner: Greece
  3. Auto parts$8 billion · 2.9%
    Main partner: Germany
  4. Jewelry$7.9 billion · 2.9%
    Main partner: United Arab Emirates
  5. Trucks$7.3 billion · 2.7%
    Main partner: United Kingdom
  6. Gold$5.2 billion · 1.9%
    Main partner: United Kingdom
  7. Women's suits and dresses$4.5 billion · 1.6%
    Main partner: Germany
  8. Cables and wire$4.2 billion · 1.5%
    Main partner: United Kingdom
  9. Sweaters and pullovers$3.1 billion · 1.2%
    Main partner: Germany
  10. T-shirts$3 billion · 1.1%
    Main partner: Germany

What it imports

Refined petroleum (6.3%) and cars (5.7%) together make up 12% of its imports.

  1. Refined petroleum$20 billion · 6.3%
    Main partner: Russia
  2. Cars$17.9 billion · 5.7%
    Main partner: Germany
  3. Gold$16.7 billion · 5.3%
    Main partner: Switzerland
  4. Ferrous scrap$8.4 billion · 2.7%
    Main partner: United States
  5. Auto parts$7.1 billion · 2.3%
    Main partner: Germany
  6. Jewelry$6.6 billion · 2.1%
    Main partner: Italy
  7. Natural gas and LPG$6.4 billion · 2%
    Main partner: Azerbaijan
  8. Cameras and broadcast equipment$5.2 billion · 1.7%
    Main partner: China
  9. Coal$4.8 billion · 1.5%
    Main partner: Russia
  10. Airplanes and helicopters$4.2 billion · 1.4%
    Main partner: France
By Harmonized System chapter (96)
ChapterExportsImports
87 · Vehicles$34.5 billion$32.4 billion
84 · Mechanical machinery$28.4 billion$40.2 billion
85 · Electrical and electronic equipment$16.2 billion$27.3 billion
27 · Oil, gas and coal$15.9 billion$36.2 billion
71 · Gems and precious metals$13.5 billion$24.5 billion
61 · Knitted clothing$12.5 billion$1.7 billion
39 · Plastics$11.1 billion$15.6 billion
73 · Iron and steel products$10.6 billion$4.1 billion
72 · Iron and steel$10 billion$23.3 billion
62 · Woven clothing$9.7 billion$2 billion
08 · Fruit and nuts$6.3 billion$1.6 billion
94 · Furniture and lighting$5.3 billion$1.1 billion
76 · Aluminum$5.3 billion$6 billion
40 · Rubber$4 billion$3.9 billion
48 · Paper and paperboard$3.7 billion$2.9 billion
20 · Preserved fruit and vegetables$3.6 billion$280 million
25 · Salt, stone and cement$3.6 billion$648 million
28 · Inorganic chemicals$3.3 billion$2.4 billion
57 · Carpets and rugs$3.2 billion$92 million
15 · Fats and oils$2.9 billion$3 billion
74 · Copper$2.9 billion$6.1 billion
19 · Baked goods and cereal products$2.8 billion$356 million
30 · Pharmaceuticals$2.6 billion$5.4 billion
26 · Ores and slag$2.6 billion$1.3 billion
07 · Vegetables$2.5 billion$1.1 billion
52 · Cotton$2.5 billion$2.3 billion
63 · Home textiles and used clothing$2.3 billion$258 million
68 · Stone, plaster and cement articles$2.1 billion$588 million
03 · Fish and seafood$2.1 billion$274 million
90 · Precision and medical instruments$2.1 billion$6.9 billion
55 · Synthetic staple fibers$2 billion$1.6 billion
89 · Ships and boats$2 billion$990 million
44 · Wood$1.8 billion$849 million
33 · Perfumes and cosmetics$1.8 billion$2 billion
60 · Knitted fabric$1.8 billion$477 million
54 · Synthetic filaments$1.8 billion$1.8 billion
70 · Glass$1.7 billion$1.3 billion
88 · Aircraft and spacecraft$1.6 billion$5 billion
34 · Soap and cleaning products$1.6 billion$1.3 billion
83 · Miscellaneous metal goods$1.6 billion$984 million
11 · Milling products and malt$1.5 billion$225 million
32 · Dyes, paints and tanning agents$1.5 billion$2.5 billion
69 · Ceramics$1.4 billion$600 million
38 · Miscellaneous chemicals$1.4 billion$2.7 billion
21 · Food preparations$1.4 billion$851 million
17 · Sugar and sweets$1.3 billion$510 million
93 · Weapons and ammunition$1.2 billion$206 million
56 · Felt, nonwovens and rope$1.2 billion$423 million
10 · Cereals$1.2 billion$2.7 billion
64 · Footwear$1.2 billion$1.7 billion
24 · Tobacco$1.1 billion$1 billion
18 · Cocoa and chocolate$1.1 billion$1.4 billion
23 · Animal feed and food waste$1.1 billion$2.6 billion
04 · Dairy, eggs and honey$941 million$155 million
29 · Organic chemicals$912 million$9.3 billion
12 · Oilseeds and grains$839 million$2.6 billion
02 · Meat and offal$683 million$884 million
31 · Fertilizers$587 million$1.7 billion
42 · Leather goods and bags$552 million$678 million
35 · Glues, starches and enzymes$540 million$596 million
22 · Beverages and spirits$535 million$843 million
86 · Railway equipment$524 million$301 million
58 · Special fabrics and lace$434 million$178 million
82 · Tools and cutlery$419 million$945 million
59 · Coated and technical textiles$388 million$512 million
16 · Prepared meat and fish$364 million$41 million
09 · Coffee, tea and spices$360 million$657 million
96 · Other manufactured goods$290 million$585 million
95 · Toys and sports gear$266 million$670 million
41 · Hides and leather$245 million$229 million
75 · Nickel$234 million$285 million
49 · Books and printed matter$201 million$128 million
06 · Live plants and flowers$164 million$83 million
81 · Other base metals$146 million$433 million
65 · Hats$143 million$116 million
47 · Wood pulp$133 million$1.4 billion
43 · Fur and fur goods$127 million$39 million
51 · Wool$119 million$274 million
36 · Explosives and matches$106 million$253 million
05 · Other animal products$96 million$106 million
53 · Other plant fibers$88 million$299 million
01 · Live animals$78 million$903 million
91 · Watches and clocks$62 million$559 million
78 · Lead$59 million$307 million
97 · Art and antiques$39 million$34 million
79 · Zinc$37 million$888 million
14 · Other plant products$33 million$16 million
13 · Gums and plant extracts$24 million$86 million
92 · Musical instruments$22 million$60 million
37 · Photographic goods$22 million$138 million
80 · Tin$15 million$105 million
66 · Umbrellas and canes$15 million$28 million
67 · Feathers and artificial flowers$12 million$49 million
45 · Cork$9 million$14 million
50 · Silk$6 million$28 million
46 · Wicker and basketware$5 million$27 million

Trading partners

Its main destination is Germany (8.5% of exports) and its main source is China (14.2% of imports).

Who it sells to

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
Germany23.38.5%Sea
United Kingdom19.47.1%Sea
United States176.2%Sea
Iraq134.8%Land
Italy12.54.6%Sea
France11.54.2%Sea
Spain10.23.7%Sea
Russia8.53.1%Sea
United Arab Emirates8.23%Air
Poland7.92.9%Sea

Who it buys from

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
China44.714.2%Sea
Germany27.18.6%Sea
Russia25.98.2%Sea
Italy19.36.1%Sea
United States16.55.2%Sea
France12.44%Sea
Switzerland10.93.5%Air
Spain9.53%Sea
South Korea9.22.9%Sea
United Kingdom7.62.4%Sea

Overview 1995–2024

In 2024, Turkey accounted for 1.2% of world exports, compared with 0.47% in 1995.

Exports and imports

Exports grew 11.4-fold since 1995

USD billions (current). Bars: trade balance (green surplus, red deficit).

  • Exports 273
  • Imports 315
  • Balance -41.8

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearExportsImportsTrade balance
1995$24 billion$37.1 billion-$13.1 billion
1996$25 billion$44.1 billion-$19.2 billion
1997$27.6 billion$49.5 billion-$21.9 billion
1998$29.1 billion$47 billion-$17.9 billion
1999$29.7 billion$41.2 billion-$11.5 billion
2000$30.6 billion$54 billion-$23.4 billion
2001$34.5 billion$40.9 billion-$6.4 billion
2002$40.6 billion$49.8 billion-$9.2 billion
2003$52.8 billion$65.1 billion-$12.3 billion
2004$70.2 billion$92.6 billion-$22.5 billion
2005$79.2 billion$107.8 billion-$28.7 billion
2006$93.3 billion$124.8 billion-$31.5 billion
2007$117.9 billion$153.2 billion-$35.3 billion
2008$144.5 billion$178.2 billion-$33.7 billion
2009$113.3 billion$128.8 billion-$15.4 billion
2010$125.2 billion$169.9 billion-$44.7 billion
2011$146.6 billion$212.6 billion-$66 billion
2012$164 billion$208 billion-$44.1 billion
2013$169.6 billion$233.5 billion-$63.9 billion
2014$176.2 billion$227.7 billion-$51.6 billion
2015$163 billion$197.5 billion-$34.5 billion
2016$164.5 billion$194.5 billion-$30 billion
2017$177.9 billion$228.7 billion-$50.8 billion
2018$196.7 billion$214.9 billion-$18.2 billion
2019$200.7 billion$197.9 billion$2.8 billion
2020$184.7 billion$210.9 billion-$26.2 billion
2021$245.3 billion$249.5 billion-$4.2 billion
2022$275.9 billion$312.7 billion-$36.8 billion
2023$276.2 billion$337.2 billion-$61 billion
2024$273.2 billion$315.1 billion-$41.8 billion

World rank

Turkey rose from 34th to 28th among the world's exporters

Rank among 222 countries by export value (1st at the top).

  • 34th in 1995
  • 28th in 2024

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearRank
199534th
199636th
199735th
199834th
199934th
200040th
200137th
200236th
200334th
200432nd
200532nd
200631st
200731st
200831st
200930th
201032nd
201131st
201228th
201327th
201427th
201528th
201628th
201728th
201828th
201928th
202029th
202128th
202228th
202328th
202428th

What it sells

Vehicles became its top export group: from 3% to 13%

% of exports by Harmonized System chapter.

  • Other 48%
  • Iron and steel products 4%
  • Plastics 4%
  • Knitted clothing 5%
  • Gems and precious metals 5%
  • Oil, gas and coal 6%
  • Electrical and electronic equipment 6%
  • Mechanical machinery 10%
  • Vehicles 13%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Chapter19952024
Vehicles3%12.6%
Mechanical machinery3.6%10.4%
Electrical and electronic equipment4.6%6%
Oil, gas and coal1.2%5.8%
Gems and precious metals0.4%5%
Knitted clothing14.6%4.6%
Plastics1.4%4.1%
Iron and steel products2.3%3.9%
Other68.7%47.8%

Who it trades with

Germany went from 19% to 9% of Turkey's trade

% of total trade (exports + imports) with each partner.

  • Germany 9%
  • China 8%
  • Russia 6%
  • United States 6%
  • Italy 5%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Partner19952024
Germany18.5%8.6%
China1.2%8.2%
Russia5.4%5.9%
United States9.4%5.7%
Italy8.1%5.4%

Production hubs

Largest industrial emission sources (Climate TRACE, 2025)

  • ZETES power stationsPower · 18.3 Mt CO₂e
  • İÇDAŞ Biga power stationPower · 12.7 Mt CO₂e
  • İsken Sugözü power stationPower · 9.2 Mt CO₂e
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Largest economic production hubs (gridded GDP, 2024)

  • Istanbul$1 trillion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Ankara$354.2 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • İzmir$201.8 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
View on the globe

Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Ranks are computed among the countries with data each year. Services are not included. Data up to 2024.

Neighboring countries

Main partners

See all countries