Summary
- Exports
- $1.1billion
- Imports
- $3.9billion
- Trade balance
- -$2.8billion
Products
What it exports
Olive oil (27.8%) and natural phosphates (7.8%) together make up 35.6% of its exports.
What it imports
Rice (3.5%) and sunflower, safflower and cottonseed oil (3.2%) together make up 6.7% of its imports.
By Harmonized System chapter (96)
| Chapter | Exports | Imports |
|---|---|---|
| 15 · Fats and oils | $313 million | $200 million |
| 08 · Fruit and nuts | $125 million | $190 million |
| 25 · Salt, stone and cement | $91 million | $94 million |
| 09 · Coffee, tea and spices | $89 million | $204 million |
| 07 · Vegetables | $77 million | $101 million |
| 20 · Preserved fruit and vegetables | $68 million | $14 million |
| 52 · Cotton | $52 million | $13 million |
| 01 · Live animals | $35 million | $48 million |
| 12 · Oilseeds and grains | $22 million | $63 million |
| 10 · Cereals | $16 million | $182 million |
| 04 · Dairy, eggs and honey | $16 million | $43 million |
| 34 · Soap and cleaning products | $15 million | $31 million |
| 72 · Iron and steel | $15 million | $195 million |
| 70 · Glass | $14 million | $24 million |
| 51 · Wool | $13 million | $528 thousand |
| 39 · Plastics | $12 million | $281 million |
| 62 · Woven clothing | $12 million | $2 million |
| 61 · Knitted clothing | $10 million | $10 million |
| 68 · Stone, plaster and cement articles | $10 million | $11 million |
| 19 · Baked goods and cereal products | $10 million | $80 million |
| 48 · Paper and paperboard | $7 million | $78 million |
| 76 · Aluminum | $7 million | $20 million |
| 64 · Footwear | $6 million | $8 million |
| 17 · Sugar and sweets | $6 million | $131 million |
| 84 · Mechanical machinery | $6 million | $151 million |
| 97 · Art and antiques | $5 million | $5 thousand |
| 21 · Food preparations | $5 million | $51 million |
| 74 · Copper | $5 million | $5 million |
| 73 · Iron and steel products | $3 million | $79 million |
| 63 · Home textiles and used clothing | $3 million | $18 million |
| 59 · Coated and technical textiles | $3 million | $16 million |
| 65 · Hats | $3 million | $156 thousand |
| 30 · Pharmaceuticals | $3 million | $78 million |
| 57 · Carpets and rugs | $3 million | $20 million |
| 96 · Other manufactured goods | $3 million | $9 million |
| 78 · Lead | $2 million | $128 thousand |
| 94 · Furniture and lighting | $2 million | $15 million |
| 18 · Cocoa and chocolate | $2 million | $29 million |
| 28 · Inorganic chemicals | $2 million | $27 million |
| 33 · Perfumes and cosmetics | $2 million | $39 million |
| 43 · Fur and fur goods | $2 million | $41 thousand |
| 32 · Dyes, paints and tanning agents | $2 million | $23 million |
| 22 · Beverages and spirits | $2 million | $38 million |
| 54 · Synthetic filaments | $2 million | $24 million |
| 23 · Animal feed and food waste | $1 million | $141 million |
| 60 · Knitted fabric | $1 million | $47 million |
| 85 · Electrical and electronic equipment | $914 thousand | $140 million |
| 55 · Synthetic staple fibers | $891 thousand | $20 million |
| 47 · Wood pulp | $865 thousand | $7 million |
| 11 · Milling products and malt | $843 thousand | $124 million |
| 83 · Miscellaneous metal goods | $840 thousand | $19 million |
| 49 · Books and printed matter | $710 thousand | $771 thousand |
| 31 · Fertilizers | $694 thousand | $52 million |
| 41 · Hides and leather | $655 thousand | $710 thousand |
| 42 · Leather goods and bags | $641 thousand | $1 million |
| 44 · Wood | $577 thousand | $42 million |
| 06 · Live plants and flowers | $507 thousand | $2 million |
| 13 · Gums and plant extracts | $498 thousand | $2 million |
| 69 · Ceramics | $480 thousand | $62 million |
| 87 · Vehicles | $425 thousand | $55 million |
| 95 · Toys and sports gear | $401 thousand | $2 million |
| 56 · Felt, nonwovens and rope | $392 thousand | $7 million |
| 40 · Rubber | $388 thousand | $52 million |
| 89 · Ships and boats | $353 thousand | $322 thousand |
| 46 · Wicker and basketware | $349 thousand | $138 thousand |
| 90 · Precision and medical instruments | $234 thousand | $46 million |
| 26 · Ores and slag | $202 thousand | $6 thousand |
| 14 · Other plant products | $201 thousand | $7 million |
| 05 · Other animal products | $196 thousand | $206 thousand |
| 82 · Tools and cutlery | $192 thousand | $6 million |
| 66 · Umbrellas and canes | $123 thousand | $116 thousand |
| 38 · Miscellaneous chemicals | $117 thousand | $39 million |
| 58 · Special fabrics and lace | $77 thousand | $3 million |
| 92 · Musical instruments | $69 thousand | $48 thousand |
| 27 · Oil, gas and coal | $67 thousand | $195 million |
| 16 · Prepared meat and fish | $55 thousand | $43 million |
| 79 · Zinc | $50 thousand | $4 thousand |
| 71 · Gems and precious metals | $44 thousand | $274 thousand |
| 81 · Other base metals | $31 thousand | $33 thousand |
| 35 · Glues, starches and enzymes | $28 thousand | $8 million |
| 02 · Meat and offal | $25 thousand | $10 million |
| 75 · Nickel | $24 thousand | $534 thousand |
| 91 · Watches and clocks | $24 thousand | $200 thousand |
| 29 · Organic chemicals | $22 thousand | $32 million |
| 45 · Cork | $4 thousand | $7 thousand |
| 67 · Feathers and artificial flowers | $4 thousand | $493 thousand |
| 80 · Tin | $4 thousand | $197 thousand |
| 53 · Other plant fibers | $2 thousand | $310 thousand |
| 03 · Fish and seafood | $651 | $3 million |
| 86 · Railway equipment | $540 | $132 thousand |
| 88 · Aircraft and spacecraft | $454 | $735 thousand |
| 37 · Photographic goods | $225 | $304 thousand |
| 50 · Silk | $49 | $0 |
| 24 · Tobacco | $44 | $51 million |
| 36 · Explosives and matches | $0 | $36 thousand |
| 93 · Weapons and ammunition | $0 | $3 thousand |
Trading partners
Turkey is its main destination (39.3% of exports) and source (56.4% of imports).
Who it sells to
Overview 1995–2024
In 2024, Syria accounted for 0% of world exports, compared with 0.06% in 1995.
Exports and imports
Exports fell 65% since 1995
USD billions (current). Bars: trade balance (green surplus, red deficit).
- Exports 1.1
- Imports 3.9
- Balance -2.8
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Exports | Imports | Trade balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | $3.2 billion | $3.7 billion | -$574 million |
| 1996 | $3.5 billion | $4.2 billion | -$677 million |
| 1997 | $3.8 billion | $3.7 billion | $96 million |
| 1998 | $3 billion | $4.3 billion | -$1.3 billion |
| 1999 | $3.6 billion | $3.9 billion | -$242 million |
| 2000 | $5 billion | $3.8 billion | $1.1 billion |
| 2001 | $6.9 billion | $11.8 billion | -$4.9 billion |
| 2002 | $12.5 billion | $13.7 billion | -$1.2 billion |
| 2003 | $9.9 billion | $15.6 billion | -$5.6 billion |
| 2004 | $11 billion | $19.4 billion | -$8.4 billion |
| 2005 | $6.8 billion | $10.9 billion | -$4.1 billion |
| 2006 | $9.4 billion | $12.8 billion | -$3.4 billion |
| 2007 | $10.1 billion | $17.5 billion | -$7.5 billion |
| 2008 | $13.2 billion | $21.3 billion | -$8 billion |
| 2009 | $10 billion | $17.9 billion | -$7.9 billion |
| 2010 | $12.2 billion | $20.6 billion | -$8.4 billion |
| 2011 | $8.1 billion | $17.4 billion | -$9.3 billion |
| 2012 | $2.2 billion | $8 billion | -$5.8 billion |
| 2013 | $1.5 billion | $6.3 billion | -$4.8 billion |
| 2014 | $1.1 billion | $7.1 billion | -$5.9 billion |
| 2015 | $856 million | $5.7 billion | -$4.8 billion |
| 2016 | $871 million | $5 billion | -$4.1 billion |
| 2017 | $847 million | $6.1 billion | -$5.2 billion |
| 2018 | $763 million | $6.9 billion | -$6.1 billion |
| 2019 | $790 million | $6.3 billion | -$5.5 billion |
| 2020 | $945 million | $4.6 billion | -$3.6 billion |
| 2021 | $1.1 billion | $4.6 billion | -$3.5 billion |
| 2022 | $1.1 billion | $5.1 billion | -$4 billion |
| 2023 | $1.3 billion | $4.2 billion | -$2.9 billion |
| 2024 | $1.1 billion | $3.9 billion | -$2.8 billion |
World rank
Syria fell from 74th to 155th among the world's exporters
Rank among 222 countries by export value (1st at the top).
- 74th in 1995
- 155th in 2024
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Rank |
|---|---|
| 1995 | 74th |
| 1996 | 76th |
| 1997 | 77th |
| 1998 | 81st |
| 1999 | 79th |
| 2000 | 75th |
| 2001 | 68th |
| 2002 | 54th |
| 2003 | 65th |
| 2004 | 69th |
| 2005 | 83rd |
| 2006 | 80th |
| 2007 | 79th |
| 2008 | 80th |
| 2009 | 80th |
| 2010 | 79th |
| 2011 | 101st |
| 2012 | 140th |
| 2013 | 151st |
| 2014 | 157th |
| 2015 | 161st |
| 2016 | 163rd |
| 2017 | 167th |
| 2018 | 165th |
| 2019 | 162nd |
| 2020 | 160th |
| 2021 | 160th |
| 2022 | 163rd |
| 2023 | 156th |
| 2024 | 155th |
What it sells
Fats and oils became its top export group: from 0.2% to 28%
% of exports by Harmonized System chapter.
- Other 24%
- Live animals 3%
- Cotton 5%
- Preserved fruit and vegetables 6%
- Vegetables 7%
- Coffee, tea and spices 8%
- Salt, stone and cement 8%
- Fruit and nuts 11%
- Fats and oils 28%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Chapter | 1995 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Fats and oils | 0.16% | 28.1% |
| Fruit and nuts | 1.9% | 11.2% |
| Salt, stone and cement | 1% | 8.2% |
| Coffee, tea and spices | 0.6% | 8% |
| Vegetables | 1.8% | 6.9% |
| Preserved fruit and vegetables | 0.21% | 6.1% |
| Cotton | 7.9% | 4.7% |
| Live animals | 0.85% | 3.1% |
| Other | 85.7% | 23.7% |
Who it trades with
Turkey went from 8% to 53% of Syria's trade
% of total trade (exports + imports) with each partner.
- Turkey 53%
- China 8%
- Egypt 8%
- Saudi Arabia 7%
- Lebanon 5%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Partner | 1995 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Turkey | 7.7% | 52.5% |
| China | 2.3% | 7.8% |
| Egypt | 0.98% | 7.5% |
| Saudi Arabia | 3.2% | 6.7% |
| Lebanon | 0% | 4.7% |
Production hubs
Largest industrial emission sources (Climate TRACE, 2025)
- Euphrates - Sinjar basin
- Palmyride Foldbelt basin
- Banias Thermal power plant
Sources and methodology
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Climate TRACE · CC BY 4.0 (emissions by asset; the 3 largest per country are shown)
- Kummu et al., gridded GDP · CC BY 4.0 (hubs aggregated by this site)
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Ranks are computed among the countries with data each year. Services are not included. Data up to 2024.