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India trade in 2024

In 2024, India exported $459.2 billion and imported $688.7 billion, a trade deficit of $229.5 billion. It was the world's 13th-largest exporter, with 2% of world exports. Its top export was refined petroleum (10.6% of the total) and its main trading partner was China (12.2% of its trade).

Summary

Exports
$459.2billion
Imports
$688.7billion
Trade balance
-$229.5billion
Routes to the main partners. Width: trade value; color: estimated transport mode.SeaAirLand
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Products

What it exports

Refined petroleum (10.6%) and cameras and broadcast equipment (5.9%) together make up 16.5% of its exports.

  1. Refined petroleum$48.6 billion · 10.6%
    Main partner: United Arab Emirates
  2. Cameras and broadcast equipment$27 billion · 5.9%
    Main partner: United States
  3. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$26 billion · 5.7%
    Main partner: United States
  4. Diamonds$17.3 billion · 3.8%
    Main partner: United States
  5. Jewelry$12.9 billion · 2.8%
    Main partner: United Arab Emirates
  6. Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds$12 billion · 2.6%
    Main partner: Slovenia
  7. Rice$11.4 billion · 2.5%
    Main partner: Saudi Arabia
  8. Auto parts$8 billion · 1.7%
    Main partner: United States
  9. Cars$7.8 billion · 1.7%
    Main partner: Saudi Arabia
  10. Airplanes and helicopters$5.9 billion · 1.3%
    Main partner: United Arab Emirates

What it imports

Crude petroleum (20.6%) and gold (8.4%) together make up 29% of its imports.

  1. Crude petroleum$141.6 billion · 20.6%
    Main partner: Russia
  2. Gold$58.1 billion · 8.4%
    Main partner: Switzerland
  3. Coal$31.9 billion · 4.6%
    Main partner: Australia
  4. Natural gas and LPG$30.8 billion · 4.5%
    Main partner: Qatar
  5. Microchips$22.9 billion · 3.3%
    Main partner: China
  6. Diamonds$13.8 billion · 2%
    Main partner: United Arab Emirates
  7. Airplanes and helicopters$10.2 billion · 1.5%
    Main partner: Germany
  8. Computers$9.4 billion · 1.4%
    Main partner: China
  9. Cameras and broadcast equipment$8.9 billion · 1.3%
    Main partner: China
  10. Refined petroleum$8.8 billion · 1.3%
    Main partner: Russia

Its products

Destinations and sources of its products that have their own page.

By Harmonized System chapter (96)
ChapterExportsImports
27 · Oil, gas and coal$53.7 billion$219.8 billion
85 · Electrical and electronic equipment$47.4 billion$79.2 billion
84 · Mechanical machinery$35.8 billion$60.9 billion
71 · Gems and precious metals$34 billion$82.7 billion
29 · Organic chemicals$30 billion$25.9 billion
30 · Pharmaceuticals$29.1 billion$2.7 billion
87 · Vehicles$23.4 billion$7.5 billion
10 · Cereals$11.7 billion$315 million
72 · Iron and steel$11.1 billion$17 billion
73 · Iron and steel products$10 billion$5 billion
62 · Woven clothing$9.5 billion$872 million
39 · Plastics$9 billion$22.4 billion
61 · Knitted clothing$8.8 billion$820 million
76 · Aluminum$7 billion$7.4 billion
88 · Aircraft and spacecraft$6.8 billion$10.8 billion
52 · Cotton$6.5 billion$1.3 billion
03 · Fish and seafood$6 billion$156 million
63 · Home textiles and used clothing$5.9 billion$615 million
40 · Rubber$5.4 billion$4.4 billion
09 · Coffee, tea and spices$5.3 billion$1.2 billion
90 · Precision and medical instruments$5.1 billion$13.5 billion
32 · Dyes, paints and tanning agents$4.8 billion$2.8 billion
38 · Miscellaneous chemicals$4.7 billion$6.4 billion
89 · Ships and boats$4.3 billion$4.3 billion
02 · Meat and offal$4 billion$11 million
26 · Ores and slag$3.9 billion$6.9 billion
28 · Inorganic chemicals$3.6 billion$8.8 billion
64 · Footwear$3.5 billion$630 million
42 · Leather goods and bags$3.2 billion$487 million
94 · Furniture and lighting$3.1 billion$1.7 billion
69 · Ceramics$3.1 billion$947 million
33 · Perfumes and cosmetics$2.7 billion$1.3 billion
48 · Paper and paperboard$2.6 billion$3.3 billion
25 · Salt, stone and cement$2.6 billion$4.7 billion
23 · Animal feed and food waste$2.5 billion$682 million
15 · Fats and oils$2.5 billion$17.4 billion
17 · Sugar and sweets$2.5 billion$1.9 billion
12 · Oilseeds and grains$2.5 billion$1.2 billion
74 · Copper$2.3 billion$10.4 billion
57 · Carpets and rugs$2.2 billion$174 million
07 · Vegetables$2.2 billion$5.6 billion
68 · Stone, plaster and cement articles$2.1 billion$1 billion
54 · Synthetic filaments$2 billion$1.9 billion
08 · Fruit and nuts$1.8 billion$4.6 billion
55 · Synthetic staple fibers$1.7 billion$882 million
24 · Tobacco$1.7 billion$173 million
21 · Food preparations$1.6 billion$219 million
83 · Miscellaneous metal goods$1.4 billion$1.3 billion
82 · Tools and cutlery$1.4 billion$1.5 billion
20 · Preserved fruit and vegetables$1.4 billion$203 million
70 · Glass$1.2 billion$2 billion
13 · Gums and plant extracts$1.2 billion$366 million
34 · Soap and cleaning products$1.1 billion$1.4 billion
19 · Baked goods and cereal products$1.1 billion$199 million
78 · Lead$904 million$1.3 billion
16 · Prepared meat and fish$894 million$25 million
79 · Zinc$860 million$751 million
04 · Dairy, eggs and honey$753 million$49 million
96 · Other manufactured goods$727 million$670 million
56 · Felt, nonwovens and rope$701 million$407 million
95 · Toys and sports gear$699 million$495 million
11 · Milling products and malt$654 million$95 million
44 · Wood$637 million$2.4 billion
60 · Knitted fabric$613 million$870 million
59 · Coated and technical textiles$610 million$782 million
67 · Feathers and artificial flowers$596 million$41 million
49 · Books and printed matter$500 million$257 million
41 · Hides and leather$490 million$425 million
53 · Other plant fibers$449 million$627 million
93 · Weapons and ammunition$437 million$200 million
58 · Special fabrics and lace$410 million$229 million
35 · Glues, starches and enzymes$409 million$967 million
86 · Railway equipment$392 million$746 million
22 · Beverages and spirits$383 million$1.4 billion
36 · Explosives and matches$349 million$38 million
05 · Other animal products$312 million$54 million
18 · Cocoa and chocolate$275 million$875 million
75 · Nickel$229 million$1.3 billion
31 · Fertilizers$218 million$7.7 billion
46 · Wicker and basketware$193 million$13 million
14 · Other plant products$185 million$58 million
50 · Silk$154 million$184 million
51 · Wool$152 million$285 million
97 · Art and antiques$147 million$185 million
81 · Other base metals$124 million$699 million
06 · Live plants and flowers$109 million$59 million
65 · Hats$99 million$53 million
91 · Watches and clocks$80 million$687 million
92 · Musical instruments$58 million$71 million
80 · Tin$31 million$441 million
37 · Photographic goods$22 million$273 million
01 · Live animals$20 million$27 million
47 · Wood pulp$13 million$3.2 billion
43 · Fur and fur goods$11 million$7 million
66 · Umbrellas and canes$9 million$54 million
45 · Cork$6 million$12 million

Trading partners

Its main destination is the United States (19.4% of exports) and its main source is China (17.8% of imports).

Who it sells to

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
United States88.819.4%Sea
United Arab Emirates37.18.1%Sea
China17.23.8%Land
United Kingdom15.33.3%Sea
Germany14.23.1%Sea
Saudi Arabia143%Sea
Bangladesh11.32.5%Land
France112.4%Sea
Singapore10.72.3%Sea
Netherlands9.82.1%Sea

Who it buys from

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
China12217.8%Land
Russia66.49.6%Sea
United Arab Emirates55.78.1%Air
United States38.75.6%Sea
Saudi Arabia30.84.5%Sea
Iraq29.94.3%Sea
Indonesia24.43.6%Sea
Switzerland21.93.2%Air
South Korea21.23.1%Sea
Japan18.62.7%Sea

Overview 1995–2024

In 2024, India accounted for 2% of world exports, compared with 0.75% in 1995.

Exports and imports

Exports grew 12-fold since 1995

USD billions (current). Bars: trade balance (green surplus, red deficit).

  • Exports 459
  • Imports 689
  • Balance -229

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearExportsImportsTrade balance
1995$37.9 billion$35.5 billion$2.4 billion
1996$42.1 billion$37.8 billion$4.3 billion
1997$44.7 billion$41 billion$3.7 billion
1998$43.2 billion$45 billion-$1.8 billion
1999$45.2 billion$54.6 billion-$9.4 billion
2000$51.4 billion$46 billion$5.4 billion
2001$52.3 billion$45 billion$7.3 billion
2002$60.8 billion$50.8 billion$10 billion
2003$74.1 billion$63.7 billion$10.5 billion
2004$96.8 billion$84.7 billion$12.1 billion
2005$118 billion$116.2 billion$1.9 billion
2006$142.6 billion$177.4 billion-$34.8 billion
2007$175.5 billion$242.3 billion-$66.8 billion
2008$221.1 billion$322.6 billion-$101.5 billion
2009$192.7 billion$276.2 billion-$83.4 billion
2010$244.6 billion$363.1 billion-$118.4 billion
2011$310.4 billion$463.8 billion-$153.4 billion
2012$298.7 billion$490.1 billion-$191.4 billion
2013$308.3 billion$458.1 billion-$149.8 billion
2014$315.2 billion$453.2 billion-$138 billion
2015$278.8 billion$383.2 billion-$104.4 billion
2016$271.9 billion$358.6 billion-$86.7 billion
2017$307.7 billion$446.9 billion-$139.2 billion
2018$338.5 billion$515.9 billion-$177.4 billion
2019$342.8 billion$495.4 billion-$152.6 billion
2020$296.6 billion$380.8 billion-$84.3 billion
2021$410.8 billion$582.5 billion-$171.7 billion
2022$468.2 billion$726.3 billion-$258.1 billion
2023$449.1 billion$667.3 billion-$218.3 billion
2024$459.2 billion$688.7 billion-$229.5 billion

World rank

India rose from 31st to 13th among the world's exporters

Rank among 222 countries by export value (1st at the top).

  • 31st in 1995
  • 13th in 2024

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearRank
199531st
199630th
199729th
199830th
199929th
200029th
200129th
200229th
200327th
200426th
200524th
200623rd
200721st
200820th
200918th
201018th
201116th
201216th
201317th
201416th
201516th
201617th
201716th
201815th
201914th
202018th
202114th
202214th
202312th
202413th

What it sells

Oil, gas and coal became its top export group: from 2% to 12%

% of exports by Harmonized System chapter.

  • Other 42%
  • Cereals 3%
  • Vehicles 5%
  • Pharmaceuticals 6%
  • Organic chemicals 7%
  • Gems and precious metals 7%
  • Mechanical machinery 8%
  • Electrical and electronic equipment 10%
  • Oil, gas and coal 12%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Chapter19952024
Oil, gas and coal1.5%11.7%
Electrical and electronic equipment2.3%10.3%
Mechanical machinery3.4%7.8%
Gems and precious metals14.8%7.4%
Organic chemicals3.5%6.5%
Pharmaceuticals1.2%6.3%
Vehicles2.7%5.1%
Cereals3.5%2.5%
Other67.2%42.3%

Who it trades with

China went from 2% to 12% of India's trade

% of total trade (exports + imports) with each partner.

  • China 12%
  • United States 11%
  • United Arab Emirates 8%
  • Russia 6%
  • Saudi Arabia 4%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Partner19952024
China2%12.2%
United States13.3%11.1%
United Arab Emirates3.6%8.1%
Russia2.5%6.2%
Saudi Arabia2.8%3.9%

Production hubs

Largest industrial emission sources (Climate TRACE, 2025)

  • Vindhyachal power stationPower · 33.4 Mt CO₂e
  • Sasan Ultra Mega Power ProjectPower · 27 Mt CO₂e
  • Tamnar power stationPower · 24.8 Mt CO₂e
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Largest economic production hubs (gridded GDP, 2024)

  • Delhi$834.7 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Mumbai$669.8 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Bengaluru$601.8 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
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Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Ranks are computed among the countries with data each year. Services are not included. Data up to 2024.

Neighboring countries

Main partners

See all countries