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Spain trade in 2024

In 2024, Spain exported $394.7 billion and imported $440.4 billion, a trade deficit of $45.6 billion. It was the world's 17th-largest exporter, with 1.7% of world exports. Its top export was cars (11% of the total) and its main trading partner was France (11.2% of its trade).

Summary

Exports
$394.7billion
Imports
$440.4billion
Trade balance
-$45.6billion
Routes to the main partners. Width: trade value; color: estimated transport mode.SeaAirLand
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Products

What it exports

Cars (11%) and medicines in measured doses or retail packs (3.8%) together make up 14.8% of its exports.

  1. Cars$43.6 billion · 11%
    Main partner: Germany
  2. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$14.9 billion · 3.8%
    Main partner: Switzerland
  3. Refined petroleum$13.9 billion · 3.5%
    Main partner: France
  4. Auto parts$13.4 billion · 3.4%
    Main partner: Germany
  5. Olive oil$7 billion · 1.8%
    Main partner: Italy
  6. Trucks$6.2 billion · 1.6%
    Main partner: United Kingdom
  7. Pork$6.1 billion · 1.6%
    Main partner: Japan
  8. Vaccines, blood and antisera$5 billion · 1.3%
    Main partner: United States
  9. Perfumes$4.3 billion · 1.1%
    Main partner: United States
  10. Gold$4.1 billion · 1.1%
    Main partner: United Kingdom

What it imports

Crude petroleum (8.2%) and cars (5.2%) together make up 13.4% of its imports.

  1. Crude petroleum$35.9 billion · 8.2%
    Main partner: United States
  2. Cars$22.9 billion · 5.2%
    Main partner: Germany
  3. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$14.2 billion · 3.2%
    Main partner: United States
  4. Auto parts$13.8 billion · 3.1%
    Main partner: Germany
  5. Natural gas and LPG$10.8 billion · 2.5%
    Main partner: Algeria
  6. Refined petroleum$10.6 billion · 2.4%
    Main partner: Italy
  7. Cameras and broadcast equipment$7.9 billion · 1.8%
    Main partner: China
  8. Vaccines, blood and antisera$6.4 billion · 1.5%
    Main partner: United States
  9. Women's suits and dresses$4.3 billion · 0.97%
    Main partner: Morocco
  10. Cables and wire$4.2 billion · 0.96%
    Main partner: Morocco
By Harmonized System chapter (96)
ChapterExportsImports
87 · Vehicles$67.1 billion$46.6 billion
84 · Mechanical machinery$28.6 billion$42 billion
85 · Electrical and electronic equipment$22.2 billion$40.2 billion
30 · Pharmaceuticals$21.3 billion$22.2 billion
27 · Oil, gas and coal$20.2 billion$61.3 billion
39 · Plastics$15.2 billion$16.7 billion
08 · Fruit and nuts$11.4 billion$4.5 billion
02 · Meat and offal$10.3 billion$2.3 billion
07 · Vegetables$10 billion$2.3 billion
15 · Fats and oils$9.9 billion$6 billion
33 · Perfumes and cosmetics$9.2 billion$5.4 billion
73 · Iron and steel products$8.8 billion$6.5 billion
29 · Organic chemicals$8.8 billion$11 billion
72 · Iron and steel$8.4 billion$11 billion
71 · Gems and precious metals$6.4 billion$3.7 billion
22 · Beverages and spirits$6.1 billion$2.7 billion
40 · Rubber$5.7 billion$5 billion
88 · Aircraft and spacecraft$5.7 billion$4.5 billion
38 · Miscellaneous chemicals$5.5 billion$4.4 billion
74 · Copper$5.3 billion$3.5 billion
48 · Paper and paperboard$5.2 billion$5 billion
76 · Aluminum$5.2 billion$5.4 billion
20 · Preserved fruit and vegetables$4.9 billion$1.9 billion
62 · Woven clothing$4.8 billion$10.4 billion
61 · Knitted clothing$4.3 billion$10.5 billion
90 · Precision and medical instruments$4.3 billion$11.4 billion
69 · Ceramics$4.2 billion$834 million
94 · Furniture and lighting$4.1 billion$5.7 billion
03 · Fish and seafood$3.7 billion$6.8 billion
21 · Food preparations$3.6 billion$2.1 billion
19 · Baked goods and cereal products$3.6 billion$2.1 billion
16 · Prepared meat and fish$3.3 billion$2.8 billion
32 · Dyes, paints and tanning agents$3.2 billion$2.1 billion
64 · Footwear$3 billion$5.2 billion
42 · Leather goods and bags$2.5 billion$2.6 billion
04 · Dairy, eggs and honey$2.4 billion$3.4 billion
86 · Railway equipment$2.4 billion$828 million
34 · Soap and cleaning products$2.4 billion$1.5 billion
68 · Stone, plaster and cement articles$2.2 billion$943 million
44 · Wood$2.2 billion$2.1 billion
28 · Inorganic chemicals$2.1 billion$3.3 billion
83 · Miscellaneous metal goods$2 billion$2 billion
25 · Salt, stone and cement$1.9 billion$789 million
23 · Animal feed and food waste$1.8 billion$2.9 billion
26 · Ores and slag$1.8 billion$4.7 billion
70 · Glass$1.8 billion$2.3 billion
79 · Zinc$1.6 billion$221 million
31 · Fertilizers$1.6 billion$1.3 billion
18 · Cocoa and chocolate$1.4 billion$2.3 billion
95 · Toys and sports gear$1.3 billion$2.8 billion
17 · Sugar and sweets$1.2 billion$1.3 billion
09 · Coffee, tea and spices$1 billion$2.2 billion
01 · Live animals$961 million$1 billion
89 · Ships and boats$918 million$1.8 billion
93 · Weapons and ammunition$890 million$298 million
49 · Books and printed matter$876 million$616 million
47 · Wood pulp$875 million$1.1 billion
12 · Oilseeds and grains$815 million$3.7 billion
82 · Tools and cutlery$805 million$1.3 billion
96 · Other manufactured goods$777 million$934 million
63 · Home textiles and used clothing$713 million$1.4 billion
55 · Synthetic staple fibers$680 million$807 million
06 · Live plants and flowers$678 million$376 million
97 · Art and antiques$659 million$159 million
54 · Synthetic filaments$635 million$796 million
56 · Felt, nonwovens and rope$609 million$567 million
13 · Gums and plant extracts$587 million$308 million
41 · Hides and leather$587 million$441 million
35 · Glues, starches and enzymes$528 million$941 million
10 · Cereals$505 million$4.5 billion
05 · Other animal products$442 million$265 million
52 · Cotton$441 million$439 million
91 · Watches and clocks$408 million$1.1 billion
11 · Milling products and malt$397 million$419 million
59 · Coated and technical textiles$382 million$404 million
45 · Cork$360 million$204 million
60 · Knitted fabric$308 million$209 million
24 · Tobacco$270 million$1.7 billion
58 · Special fabrics and lace$183 million$171 million
65 · Hats$165 million$398 million
80 · Tin$163 million$217 million
75 · Nickel$151 million$423 million
36 · Explosives and matches$140 million$128 million
57 · Carpets and rugs$128 million$264 million
78 · Lead$122 million$298 million
37 · Photographic goods$92 million$156 million
43 · Fur and fur goods$85 million$30 million
81 · Other base metals$75 million$261 million
53 · Other plant fibers$72 million$178 million
51 · Wool$72 million$109 million
92 · Musical instruments$66 million$140 million
46 · Wicker and basketware$55 million$105 million
14 · Other plant products$30 million$37 million
66 · Umbrellas and canes$28 million$115 million
67 · Feathers and artificial flowers$19 million$97 million
50 · Silk$5 million$15 million

Trading partners

Its main destination is France (13.6% of exports) and its main source is Germany (11.3% of imports).

Who it sells to

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
France53.613.6%Land
Germany39.510%Sea
Portugal37.19.4%Land
Italy34.38.7%Sea
United Kingdom26.36.7%Sea
United States21.25.4%Sea
Morocco15.94%Sea
Netherlands11.62.9%Sea
Belgium10.12.6%Sea
Turkey9.52.4%Sea

Who it buys from

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
Germany5011.3%Sea
China46.110.5%Sea
France40.29.1%Land
Italy30.26.9%Sea
United States28.86.5%Sea
Netherlands20.24.6%Sea
Portugal17.74%Land
Morocco11.52.6%Sea
United Kingdom10.62.4%Sea
Belgium10.42.4%Sea

Overview 1995–2024

In 2024, Spain accounted for 1.7% of world exports, compared with 1.8% in 1995.

Exports and imports

Exports grew 4.3-fold since 1995

USD billions (current). Bars: trade balance (green surplus, red deficit).

  • Exports 395
  • Imports 440
  • Balance -45.6

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearExportsImportsTrade balance
1995$92 billion$115.6 billion-$23.6 billion
1996$101.3 billion$125.7 billion-$24.3 billion
1997$104.4 billion$127.2 billion-$22.8 billion
1998$110.9 billion$139.8 billion-$29 billion
1999$111.9 billion$152.4 billion-$40.5 billion
2000$115.2 billion$160.2 billion-$45 billion
2001$115.6 billion$160.6 billion-$45 billion
2002$127.1 billion$170.7 billion-$43.6 billion
2003$154.1 billion$217.1 billion-$63 billion
2004$180.8 billion$262 billion-$81.2 billion
2005$195.6 billion$296.6 billion-$101 billion
2006$218.5 billion$337.2 billion-$118.7 billion
2007$253.8 billion$388.8 billion-$135 billion
2008$278.7 billion$416.2 billion-$137.4 billion
2009$222.2 billion$291.5 billion-$69.2 billion
2010$245 billion$319.5 billion-$74.5 billion
2011$287.5 billion$360 billion-$72.5 billion
2012$280.5 billion$335.6 billion-$55.1 billion
2013$299.2 billion$336.2 billion-$37.1 billion
2014$305.4 billion$354.5 billion-$49.1 billion
2015$273.5 billion$311.2 billion-$37.7 billion
2016$278.5 billion$313.1 billion-$34.7 billion
2017$307.6 billion$348.2 billion-$40.6 billion
2018$336.1 billion$380.6 billion-$44.6 billion
2019$319.8 billion$365.4 billion-$45.6 billion
2020$301.9 billion$317.2 billion-$15.3 billion
2021$365.6 billion$402.7 billion-$37.1 billion
2022$394.3 billion$478.3 billion-$83.9 billion
2023$401.2 billion$451.1 billion-$49.9 billion
2024$394.7 billion$440.4 billion-$45.6 billion

World rank

Spain fell from 14th to 17th among the world's exporters

Rank among 222 countries by export value (1st at the top).

  • 14th in 1995
  • 17th in 2024

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearRank
199514th
199614th
199714th
199814th
199914th
200015th
200114th
200214th
200314th
200415th
200515th
200615th
200715th
200816th
200915th
201017th
201119th
201219th
201318th
201417th
201517th
201616th
201717th
201816th
201917th
202017th
202120th
202221st
202318th
202417th

What it sells

Its top export group is still vehicles: 17% in 2024

% of exports by Harmonized System chapter.

  • Other 50%
  • Meat and offal 3%
  • Fruit and nuts 3%
  • Plastics 4%
  • Oil, gas and coal 5%
  • Pharmaceuticals 5%
  • Electrical and electronic equipment 6%
  • Mechanical machinery 7%
  • Vehicles 17%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Chapter19952024
Vehicles23.1%17%
Mechanical machinery9.7%7.2%
Electrical and electronic equipment6.7%5.6%
Pharmaceuticals0.84%5.4%
Oil, gas and coal1.6%5.1%
Plastics3.1%3.9%
Fruit and nuts3.9%2.9%
Meat and offal0.67%2.6%
Other50.4%50.3%

Who it trades with

France went from 19% to 11% of Spain's trade

% of total trade (exports + imports) with each partner.

  • France 11%
  • Germany 11%
  • Italy 8%
  • Portugal 7%
  • China 7%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Partner19952024
France18.6%11.2%
Germany15%10.7%
Italy9%7.7%
Portugal5.1%6.6%
China1.6%6.5%

Production hubs

Largest industrial emission sources (Climate TRACE, 2025)

  • ArcelorMittal Asturias (Aviles) steel plantSteel · 3.8 Mt CO₂e
  • Besós 5 power stationPower · 1.9 Mt CO₂e
  • San Ciprián Alumina RefineryAluminum · 1.6 Mt CO₂e
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Largest economic production hubs (gridded GDP, 2024)

  • Madrid$515.8 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Barcelona$370.5 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Valencia$132.7 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
View on the globe

Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Ranks are computed among the countries with data each year. Services are not included. Data up to 2024.

Neighboring countries

Main partners

See all countries