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Greece trade in 2024

In 2024, Greece exported $51.4 billion and imported $91.2 billion, a trade deficit of $39.8 billion. It was the world's 58th-largest exporter, with 0.23% of world exports. Its top export was refined petroleum (27% of the total) and its main trading partner was Germany (9% of its trade).

Summary

Exports
$51.4billion
Imports
$91.2billion
Trade balance
-$39.8billion
Routes to the main partners. Width: trade value; color: estimated transport mode.SeaAirLand
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Products

What it exports

Refined petroleum (27%) and medicines in measured doses or retail packs (6%) together make up 33.1% of its exports.

  1. Refined petroleum$13.9 billion · 27%
    Main partner: Lebanon
  2. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$3.1 billion · 6%
    Main partner: Germany
  3. Aluminum sheet$1.2 billion · 2.4%
    Main partner: Poland
  4. Cheese$1.1 billion · 2.1%
    Main partner: Germany
  5. Other processed tobacco$1 billion · 2%
    Main partner: Japan
  6. Olive oil$996 million · 1.9%
    Main partner: Italy
  7. Canned vegetables$798 million · 1.6%
    Main partner: United States
  8. Fresh fish$770 million · 1.5%
    Main partner: Italy
  9. Cables and wire$647 million · 1.3%
    Main partner: United Kingdom
  10. Copper pipes$612 million · 1.2%
    Main partner: Italy

What it imports

Crude petroleum (15.8%) and refined petroleum (5%) together make up 20.8% of its imports.

  1. Crude petroleum$14.4 billion · 15.8%
    Main partner: Iraq
  2. Refined petroleum$4.6 billion · 5%
    Main partner: Turkey
  3. Natural gas and LPG$3.7 billion · 4.1%
    Main partner: Russia
  4. Cars$3 billion · 3.3%
    Main partner: Germany
  5. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$2.7 billion · 3%
    Main partner: Germany
  6. Cameras and broadcast equipment$1.3 billion · 1.5%
    Main partner: Italy
  7. Vaccines, blood and antisera$1.3 billion · 1.4%
    Main partner: Netherlands
  8. Unwrought aluminum$1.2 billion · 1.4%
    Main partner: India
  9. Cargo and cruise ships$1.1 billion · 1.2%
    Main partner: South Korea
  10. Oxygen heterocyclic compounds$1 billion · 1.1%
    Main partner: Germany
By Harmonized System chapter (96)
ChapterExportsImports
27 · Oil, gas and coal$15.3 billion$24 billion
30 · Pharmaceuticals$3.2 billion$4.2 billion
76 · Aluminum$2.8 billion$1.9 billion
85 · Electrical and electronic equipment$2.3 billion$7 billion
20 · Preserved fruit and vegetables$1.8 billion$485 million
84 · Mechanical machinery$1.7 billion$6.6 billion
04 · Dairy, eggs and honey$1.6 billion$1.5 billion
39 · Plastics$1.6 billion$3.3 billion
24 · Tobacco$1.6 billion$574 million
08 · Fruit and nuts$1.6 billion$521 million
15 · Fats and oils$1.3 billion$546 million
74 · Copper$1 billion$1.2 billion
03 · Fish and seafood$1 billion$739 million
73 · Iron and steel products$964 million$1.1 billion
90 · Precision and medical instruments$820 million$1.8 billion
25 · Salt, stone and cement$713 million$180 million
48 · Paper and paperboard$681 million$1.5 billion
72 · Iron and steel$644 million$2 billion
19 · Baked goods and cereal products$607 million$570 million
33 · Perfumes and cosmetics$582 million$962 million
52 · Cotton$449 million$135 million
38 · Miscellaneous chemicals$447 million$848 million
22 · Beverages and spirits$392 million$656 million
21 · Food preparations$384 million$595 million
32 · Dyes, paints and tanning agents$377 million$492 million
82 · Tools and cutlery$370 million$267 million
07 · Vegetables$349 million$420 million
68 · Stone, plaster and cement articles$339 million$160 million
10 · Cereals$327 million$539 million
34 · Soap and cleaning products$321 million$451 million
95 · Toys and sports gear$315 million$672 million
28 · Inorganic chemicals$312 million$304 million
26 · Ores and slag$298 million$88 million
87 · Vehicles$267 million$5.1 billion
31 · Fertilizers$265 million$400 million
61 · Knitted clothing$264 million$1.2 billion
94 · Furniture and lighting$255 million$979 million
93 · Weapons and ammunition$254 million$26 million
62 · Woven clothing$242 million$1.2 billion
89 · Ships and boats$210 million$1.4 billion
83 · Miscellaneous metal goods$180 million$361 million
23 · Animal feed and food waste$179 million$821 million
56 · Felt, nonwovens and rope$179 million$158 million
02 · Meat and offal$177 million$1.8 billion
49 · Books and printed matter$161 million$110 million
16 · Prepared meat and fish$153 million$255 million
44 · Wood$151 million$609 million
64 · Footwear$138 million$930 million
12 · Oilseeds and grains$130 million$458 million
29 · Organic chemicals$110 million$2.4 billion
71 · Gems and precious metals$101 million$279 million
43 · Fur and fur goods$95 million$47 million
17 · Sugar and sweets$88 million$318 million
40 · Rubber$81 million$625 million
54 · Synthetic filaments$80 million$195 million
63 · Home textiles and used clothing$78 million$272 million
18 · Cocoa and chocolate$77 million$374 million
47 · Wood pulp$76 million$149 million
60 · Knitted fabric$72 million$138 million
91 · Watches and clocks$69 million$192 million
70 · Glass$67 million$438 million
97 · Art and antiques$62 million$29 million
09 · Coffee, tea and spices$55 million$463 million
69 · Ceramics$51 million$325 million
42 · Leather goods and bags$46 million$423 million
88 · Aircraft and spacecraft$46 million$632 million
78 · Lead$43 million$171 million
96 · Other manufactured goods$42 million$222 million
55 · Synthetic staple fibers$40 million$159 million
11 · Milling products and malt$36 million$105 million
35 · Glues, starches and enzymes$35 million$177 million
06 · Live plants and flowers$31 million$99 million
01 · Live animals$26 million$90 million
13 · Gums and plant extracts$21 million$24 million
41 · Hides and leather$20 million$13 million
65 · Hats$15 million$74 million
37 · Photographic goods$15 million$34 million
66 · Umbrellas and canes$14 million$40 million
57 · Carpets and rugs$14 million$53 million
59 · Coated and technical textiles$12 million$99 million
58 · Special fabrics and lace$12 million$29 million
05 · Other animal products$10 million$38 million
36 · Explosives and matches$9 million$20 million
81 · Other base metals$8 million$34 million
46 · Wicker and basketware$8 million$28 million
92 · Musical instruments$6 million$20 million
79 · Zinc$4 million$36 million
86 · Railway equipment$4 million$25 million
67 · Feathers and artificial flowers$3 million$23 million
53 · Other plant fibers$2 million$12 million
51 · Wool$2 million$5 million
50 · Silk$1 million$2 million
80 · Tin$1 million$4 million
75 · Nickel$895 thousand$4 million
14 · Other plant products$439 thousand$10 million
45 · Cork$250 thousand$8 million

Trading partners

Its main destination is Italy (9.6% of exports) and its main source is Germany (10.3% of imports).

Who it sells to

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
Italy4.99.6%Sea
Germany3.46.7%Sea
Cyprus3.16.1%Sea
United States2.44.6%Sea
Romania2.24.2%Sea
United Kingdom2.14.1%Sea
Bulgaria1.83.4%Land
Ukraine1.63.1%Sea
Lebanon1.63.1%Sea
Turkey1.52.8%Land

Who it buys from

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
Germany9.410.3%Sea
China8.18.9%Sea
Italy7.48.1%Sea
Iraq5.45.9%Sea
Netherlands4.95.4%Sea
Turkey4.65%Land
France4.34.7%Sea
Kazakhstan4.24.6%Sea
Spain3.33.6%Sea
Bulgaria2.73%Land

Overview 1995–2024

In 2024, Greece accounted for 0.23% of world exports, compared with 0.22% in 1995.

Exports and imports

Exports grew 4.5-fold since 1995

USD billions (current). Bars: trade balance (green surplus, red deficit).

  • Exports 51.4
  • Imports 91.2
  • Balance -39.8

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearExportsImportsTrade balance
1995$11.4 billion$26.6 billion-$15.2 billion
1996$11.9 billion$29.2 billion-$17.3 billion
1997$11.4 billion$28.2 billion-$16.8 billion
1998$11 billion$31.6 billion-$20.6 billion
1999$11.2 billion$31.9 billion-$20.7 billion
2000$11.3 billion$31.9 billion-$20.6 billion
2001$11.5 billion$31.1 billion-$19.6 billion
2002$12 billion$33.4 billion-$21.3 billion
2003$14.6 billion$46.5 billion-$31.8 billion
2004$16.4 billion$54.9 billion-$38.5 billion
2005$18.8 billion$56.7 billion-$37.9 billion
2006$22.2 billion$65.1 billion-$42.9 billion
2007$25.2 billion$78.1 billion-$52.9 billion
2008$29.2 billion$94.3 billion-$65 billion
2009$23.9 billion$72.8 billion-$48.9 billion
2010$26.6 billion$66.9 billion-$40.3 billion
2011$31.6 billion$65.6 billion-$34 billion
2012$31.6 billion$63 billion-$31.4 billion
2013$34.1 billion$61.3 billion-$27.2 billion
2014$34 billion$63.5 billion-$29.5 billion
2015$27.4 billion$48.7 billion-$21.3 billion
2016$27.7 billion$49.8 billion-$22.1 billion
2017$30.8 billion$55.7 billion-$24.9 billion
2018$37.3 billion$65.7 billion-$28.4 billion
2019$36.1 billion$63.6 billion-$27.5 billion
2020$35.3 billion$56.8 billion-$21.5 billion
2021$44.9 billion$78.4 billion-$33.5 billion
2022$54.7 billion$97.3 billion-$42.6 billion
2023$54.9 billion$87.4 billion-$32.5 billion
2024$51.4 billion$91.2 billion-$39.8 billion

World rank

Greece fell from 47th to 58th among the world's exporters

Rank among 222 countries by export value (1st at the top).

  • 47th in 1995
  • 58th in 2024

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearRank
199547th
199650th
199751st
199851st
199952nd
200057th
200157th
200256th
200354th
200458th
200558th
200662nd
200762nd
200864th
200962nd
201062nd
201163rd
201263rd
201363rd
201462nd
201564th
201665th
201765th
201862nd
201962nd
202057th
202158th
202259th
202357th
202458th

What it sells

Its top export group is still oil, gas and coal: 30% in 2024

% of exports by Harmonized System chapter.

  • Other 41%
  • Plastics 3%
  • Dairy, eggs and honey 3%
  • Mechanical machinery 3%
  • Preserved fruit and vegetables 3%
  • Electrical and electronic equipment 5%
  • Aluminum 5%
  • Pharmaceuticals 6%
  • Oil, gas and coal 30%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Chapter19952024
Oil, gas and coal5.9%29.9%
Pharmaceuticals0.85%6.3%
Aluminum4.7%5.4%
Electrical and electronic equipment3.2%4.5%
Preserved fruit and vegetables5.4%3.5%
Mechanical machinery3.9%3.3%
Dairy, eggs and honey0.95%3.1%
Plastics2.1%3.1%
Other73.1%40.9%

Who it trades with

Germany went from 17% to 9% of Greece's trade

% of total trade (exports + imports) with each partner.

  • Germany 9%
  • Italy 9%
  • China 6%
  • Netherlands 4%
  • Turkey 4%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Partner19952024
Germany17.4%9%
Italy15.5%8.7%
China0.99%6.3%
Netherlands5.8%4.3%
Turkey1.3%4.2%

Production hubs

Largest industrial emission sources (Climate TRACE, 2025)

  • Agios Nikolaos power stationPower · 2.7 Mt CO₂e
  • Agios Dimitrios power stationPower · 2.1 Mt CO₂e
  • Agria Cement PlantCement · 2 Mt CO₂e
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Largest economic production hubs (gridded GDP, 2024)

  • Athens$187.4 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Thessaloniki$47.7 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Larissa$14.4 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
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Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Ranks are computed among the countries with data each year. Services are not included. Data up to 2024.

Neighboring countries

Main partners

See all countries