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Kazakhstan trade in 2024

In 2024, Kazakhstan exported $90.2 billion and imported $62.7 billion, a trade surplus of $27.5 billion. It was the world's 43rd-largest exporter, with 0.4% of world exports. Its top export was crude petroleum (42% of the total) and its main trading partner was China (20.3% of its trade).

Summary

Exports
$90.2billion
Imports
$62.7billion
Trade balance
+$27.5billion
Routes to the main partners. Width: trade value; color: estimated transport mode.SeaAirLand
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Products

What it exports

Crude petroleum (42%) and gold (9.7%) together make up 51.8% of its exports.

  1. Crude petroleum$37.9 billion · 42%
    Main partner: Italy
  2. Gold$8.8 billion · 9.7%
    Main partner: United Kingdom
  3. Radioactive elements$4.7 billion · 5.2%
    Main partner: Russia
  4. Refined copper$4.3 billion · 4.8%
    Main partner: China
  5. Copper ore$3.2 billion · 3.5%
    Main partner: China
  6. Ferroalloys$2.7 billion · 3%
    Main partner: China
  7. Refined petroleum$2 billion · 2.2%
    Main partner: Turkey
  8. Natural gas and LPG$1.9 billion · 2.1%
    Main partner: China
  9. Coal$1.2 billion · 1.4%
    Main partner: Poland
  10. Wheat$1.1 billion · 1.3%
    Main partner: Uzbekistan

What it imports

Cars (5%) and airplanes and helicopters (2.9%) together make up 7.9% of its imports.

  1. Cars$3.1 billion · 5%
    Main partner: China
  2. Airplanes and helicopters$1.8 billion · 2.9%
    Main partner: France
  3. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$1.7 billion · 2.7%
    Main partner: Germany
  4. Cameras and broadcast equipment$1.6 billion · 2.5%
    Main partner: China
  5. Vehicle bodies and cabs$1.3 billion · 2.1%
    Main partner: South Korea
  6. Auto parts$1.2 billion · 1.9%
    Main partner: South Korea
  7. Natural gas and LPG$772 million · 1.2%
    Main partner: Russia
  8. Computers$765 million · 1.2%
    Main partner: China
  9. Refined petroleum$603 million · 0.96%
    Main partner: Russia
  10. Bulldozers and excavators$583 million · 0.93%
    Main partner: China
By Harmonized System chapter (96)
ChapterExportsImports
27 · Oil, gas and coal$43.4 billion$2.2 billion
71 · Gems and precious metals$9.7 billion$767 million
28 · Inorganic chemicals$5.8 billion$1 billion
72 · Iron and steel$5.2 billion$1.9 billion
26 · Ores and slag$5.1 billion$741 million
74 · Copper$4.4 billion$492 million
84 · Mechanical machinery$1.8 billion$10.3 billion
10 · Cereals$1.5 billion$449 million
25 · Salt, stone and cement$1.3 billion$156 million
85 · Electrical and electronic equipment$1.2 billion$5.6 billion
76 · Aluminum$1 billion$382 million
88 · Aircraft and spacecraft$940 million$1.9 billion
79 · Zinc$729 million$5 million
11 · Milling products and malt$546 million$53 million
15 · Fats and oils$534 million$261 million
39 · Plastics$501 million$2.4 billion
12 · Oilseeds and grains$445 million$250 million
23 · Animal feed and food waste$417 million$196 million
73 · Iron and steel products$368 million$2.4 billion
87 · Vehicles$351 million$7.4 billion
81 · Other base metals$325 million$80 million
78 · Lead$292 million$18 million
07 · Vegetables$281 million$214 million
31 · Fertilizers$269 million$180 million
02 · Meat and offal$211 million$267 million
22 · Beverages and spirits$208 million$500 million
90 · Precision and medical instruments$199 million$1.6 billion
29 · Organic chemicals$189 million$262 million
21 · Food preparations$173 million$680 million
40 · Rubber$172 million$924 million
52 · Cotton$158 million$54 million
86 · Railway equipment$158 million$841 million
24 · Tobacco$153 million$277 million
33 · Perfumes and cosmetics$140 million$851 million
38 · Miscellaneous chemicals$122 million$728 million
19 · Baked goods and cereal products$122 million$512 million
44 · Wood$113 million$616 million
03 · Fish and seafood$107 million$204 million
18 · Cocoa and chocolate$98 million$502 million
17 · Sugar and sweets$96 million$484 million
32 · Dyes, paints and tanning agents$93 million$360 million
34 · Soap and cleaning products$79 million$445 million
82 · Tools and cutlery$77 million$337 million
61 · Knitted clothing$73 million$1.4 billion
30 · Pharmaceuticals$72 million$2.3 billion
48 · Paper and paperboard$72 million$761 million
68 · Stone, plaster and cement articles$71 million$449 million
04 · Dairy, eggs and honey$71 million$449 million
05 · Other animal products$59 million$15 million
95 · Toys and sports gear$49 million$412 million
83 · Miscellaneous metal goods$47 million$265 million
94 · Furniture and lighting$43 million$793 million
70 · Glass$37 million$229 million
62 · Woven clothing$37 million$1.2 billion
01 · Live animals$34 million$63 million
08 · Fruit and nuts$33 million$529 million
09 · Coffee, tea and spices$30 million$129 million
69 · Ceramics$29 million$430 million
56 · Felt, nonwovens and rope$25 million$117 million
64 · Footwear$24 million$560 million
35 · Glues, starches and enzymes$22 million$96 million
20 · Preserved fruit and vegetables$21 million$441 million
63 · Home textiles and used clothing$21 million$539 million
47 · Wood pulp$21 million$40 million
06 · Live plants and flowers$20 million$183 million
54 · Synthetic filaments$17 million$101 million
75 · Nickel$15 million$28 million
41 · Hides and leather$14 million$1 million
37 · Photographic goods$12 million$26 million
16 · Prepared meat and fish$10 million$247 million
91 · Watches and clocks$9 million$96 million
57 · Carpets and rugs$9 million$79 million
89 · Ships and boats$8 million$23 million
96 · Other manufactured goods$6 million$151 million
14 · Other plant products$6 million$1 million
42 · Leather goods and bags$5 million$176 million
60 · Knitted fabric$5 million$34 million
59 · Coated and technical textiles$5 million$68 million
13 · Gums and plant extracts$3 million$10 million
65 · Hats$3 million$55 million
36 · Explosives and matches$3 million$45 million
49 · Books and printed matter$3 million$73 million
51 · Wool$3 million$22 million
55 · Synthetic staple fibers$1 million$154 million
58 · Special fabrics and lace$956 thousand$26 million
92 · Musical instruments$802 thousand$25 million
93 · Weapons and ammunition$649 thousand$23 million
43 · Fur and fur goods$599 thousand$11 million
50 · Silk$585 thousand$1 million
80 · Tin$569 thousand$9 million
97 · Art and antiques$500 thousand$15 million
53 · Other plant fibers$340 thousand$8 million
67 · Feathers and artificial flowers$130 thousand$9 million
46 · Wicker and basketware$105 thousand$5 million
66 · Umbrellas and canes$81 thousand$14 million
45 · Cork$6 thousand$2 million

Trading partners

Its main destination is China (16.8% of exports) and its main source is Russia (29.1% of imports).

Who it sells to

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
China15.116.8%Land
Russia9.510.6%Land
Italy6.97.7%Sea
United Kingdom66.6%Air
Netherlands55.5%Sea
Turkey4.44.9%Sea
Greece4.24.7%Sea
France3.84.2%Sea
Germany3.23.6%Sea
Switzerland2.93.2%Air

Who it buys from

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
Russia18.229.1%Land
China15.925.4%Land
Germany2.94.7%Sea
Turkey2.13.4%Sea
United States2.13.4%Air
South Korea23.2%Sea
France1.82.9%Air
Italy1.32.1%Sea
Uzbekistan1.32.1%Land
Japan1.21.9%Sea

Overview 1995–2024

In 2024, Kazakhstan accounted for 0.4% of world exports, compared with 0.03% in 1995.

Exports and imports

Exports grew 62-fold since 1995

USD billions (current). Bars: trade balance (green surplus, red deficit).

  • Exports 90.2
  • Imports 62.7
  • Balance +27.5

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearExportsImportsTrade balance
1995$1.5 billion$1.2 billion$270 million
1996$4.8 billion$3.9 billion$872 million
1997$5.5 billion$4 billion$1.5 billion
1998$6.2 billion$5.2 billion$1 billion
1999$5.3 billion$3.4 billion$1.9 billion
2000$11 billion$4.8 billion$6.1 billion
2001$10.7 billion$6.5 billion$4.1 billion
2002$12.3 billion$7.2 billion$5.1 billion
2003$13.9 billion$9.1 billion$4.9 billion
2004$21.2 billion$13.7 billion$7.5 billion
2005$26.4 billion$18.2 billion$8.1 billion
2006$34.3 billion$24.6 billion$9.7 billion
2007$43.9 billion$34.1 billion$9.8 billion
2008$62 billion$38 billion$24 billion
2009$42.8 billion$28.6 billion$14.2 billion
2010$55.7 billion$25.2 billion$30.4 billion
2011$77 billion$39.7 billion$37.3 billion
2012$79.7 billion$44.6 billion$35.1 billion
2013$71.9 billion$50.7 billion$21.2 billion
2014$69 billion$43 billion$26 billion
2015$43.4 billion$32.4 billion$11.1 billion
2016$35.4 billion$27.8 billion$7.6 billion
2017$47.8 billion$32.4 billion$15.4 billion
2018$56.3 billion$35.5 billion$20.7 billion
2019$57.6 billion$41.2 billion$16.4 billion
2020$46 billion$37.2 billion$8.8 billion
2021$64.4 billion$43.8 billion$20.6 billion
2022$92 billion$54.4 billion$37.6 billion
2023$95.3 billion$64.9 billion$30.4 billion
2024$90.2 billion$62.7 billion$27.5 billion

World rank

Kazakhstan rose from 103rd to 43rd among the world's exporters

Rank among 222 countries by export value (1st at the top).

  • 103rd in 1995
  • 43rd in 2024

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearRank
1995103rd
199668th
199767th
199862nd
199970th
200058th
200159th
200255th
200356th
200453rd
200553rd
200654th
200752nd
200852nd
200952nd
201051st
201147th
201246th
201350th
201451st
201552nd
201656th
201752nd
201851st
201950th
202050th
202151st
202245th
202344th
202443rd

What it sells

Oil, gas and coal became its top export group: from 11% to 48%

% of exports by Harmonized System chapter.

  • Other 15%
  • Cereals 2%
  • Mechanical machinery 2%
  • Copper 5%
  • Ores and slag 6%
  • Iron and steel 6%
  • Inorganic chemicals 6%
  • Gems and precious metals 11%
  • Oil, gas and coal 48%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Chapter19952024
Oil, gas and coal10.5%48.1%
Gems and precious metals9%10.8%
Inorganic chemicals4.7%6.5%
Iron and steel23.6%5.8%
Ores and slag1.7%5.6%
Copper18.6%4.9%
Mechanical machinery0.33%2%
Cereals1.7%1.6%
Other30%14.7%

Who it trades with

Russia went from 0% to 18% of Kazakhstan's trade

% of total trade (exports + imports) with each partner.

  • China 20%
  • Russia 18%
  • Italy 5%
  • Turkey 4%
  • United Kingdom 4%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Partner19952024
China14.9%20.3%
Russia0%18.2%
Italy6.7%5.4%
Turkey9%4.3%
United Kingdom4.2%4.2%

Production hubs

Largest industrial emission sources (Climate TRACE, 2025)

  • Precaspian basinOil and gas · 30.9 Mt CO₂e
  • Ekibastuz-1 power stationPower · 17.2 Mt CO₂e
  • Aksu power stationPower · 10.3 Mt CO₂e
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Largest economic production hubs (gridded GDP, 2024)

  • Almaty$147.6 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Nur-Sultan$81.4 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Atyrau$41.9 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
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Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Ranks are computed among the countries with data each year. Services are not included. Data up to 2024.

Neighboring countries

Main partners

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