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Romania trade in 2024

In 2024, Romania exported $102.1 billion and imported $137.7 billion, a trade deficit of $35.6 billion. It was the world's 40th-largest exporter, with 0.45% of world exports. Its top export was cars (9.8% of the total) and its main trading partner was Germany (18.2% of its trade).

Summary

Exports
$102.1billion
Imports
$137.7billion
Trade balance
-$35.6billion
Routes to the main partners. Width: trade value; color: estimated transport mode.SeaAirLand
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Products

What it exports

Cars (9.8%) and auto parts (8.1%) together make up 17.9% of its exports.

  1. Cars$10 billion · 9.8%
    Main partner: France
  2. Auto parts$8.2 billion · 8.1%
    Main partner: Germany
  3. Cables and wire$3.7 billion · 3.6%
    Main partner: Germany
  4. Refined petroleum$3 billion · 3%
    Main partner: Moldova
  5. Control panels$2.9 billion · 2.9%
    Main partner: Germany
  6. Wheat$2.4 billion · 2.4%
    Main partner: Saudi Arabia
  7. New tires$2.4 billion · 2.3%
    Main partner: Germany
  8. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$2 billion · 2%
    Main partner: Switzerland
  9. Electric heaters and hair dryers$1.9 billion · 1.9%
    Main partner: Italy
  10. Seats and chairs$1.8 billion · 1.8%
    Main partner: Czechia

What it imports

Auto parts (4.3%) and medicines in measured doses or retail packs (3.7%) together make up 8.1% of its imports.

  1. Auto parts$6 billion · 4.3%
    Main partner: Germany
  2. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$5.1 billion · 3.7%
    Main partner: Germany
  3. Cars$4.9 billion · 3.5%
    Main partner: Germany
  4. Crude petroleum$4.6 billion · 3.4%
    Main partner: Kazakhstan
  5. Refined petroleum$2.9 billion · 2.1%
    Main partner: Turkey
  6. Cameras and broadcast equipment$2.6 billion · 1.9%
    Main partner: Slovakia
  7. Microchips$2.2 billion · 1.6%
    Main partner: Germany
  8. Cables and wire$2.1 billion · 1.5%
    Main partner: Germany
  9. Electricity$1.6 billion · 1.2%
    Main partner: Hungary
  10. Low-voltage switches and connectors$1.6 billion · 1.2%
    Main partner: Germany
By Harmonized System chapter (96)
ChapterExportsImports
87 · Vehicles$19.5 billion$14.1 billion
85 · Electrical and electronic equipment$18.6 billion$19.6 billion
84 · Mechanical machinery$11.2 billion$15.8 billion
27 · Oil, gas and coal$4.2 billion$10.9 billion
10 · Cereals$3.8 billion$885 million
40 · Rubber$3.4 billion$2.5 billion
90 · Precision and medical instruments$3.2 billion$3.3 billion
94 · Furniture and lighting$3.1 billion$2 billion
73 · Iron and steel products$2.6 billion$4.3 billion
39 · Plastics$2.4 billion$6.6 billion
24 · Tobacco$2.3 billion$476 million
30 · Pharmaceuticals$2.1 billion$6.6 billion
72 · Iron and steel$2.1 billion$4.2 billion
62 · Woven clothing$2.1 billion$1.4 billion
44 · Wood$1.8 billion$966 million
76 · Aluminum$1.7 billion$2.2 billion
12 · Oilseeds and grains$1.4 billion$634 million
64 · Footwear$1.2 billion$1.4 billion
93 · Weapons and ammunition$940 million$948 million
61 · Knitted clothing$817 million$1.7 billion
89 · Ships and boats$738 million$79 million
83 · Miscellaneous metal goods$707 million$974 million
48 · Paper and paperboard$602 million$1.8 billion
86 · Railway equipment$573 million$392 million
71 · Gems and precious metals$490 million$564 million
15 · Fats and oils$488 million$860 million
01 · Live animals$485 million$235 million
19 · Baked goods and cereal products$449 million$1.1 billion
88 · Aircraft and spacecraft$427 million$895 million
42 · Leather goods and bags$422 million$518 million
02 · Meat and offal$415 million$1.7 billion
22 · Beverages and spirits$406 million$963 million
74 · Copper$394 million$1.1 billion
63 · Home textiles and used clothing$385 million$511 million
33 · Perfumes and cosmetics$372 million$1.4 billion
21 · Food preparations$363 million$1.1 billion
04 · Dairy, eggs and honey$333 million$1.2 billion
70 · Glass$313 million$824 million
29 · Organic chemicals$307 million$1.8 billion
23 · Animal feed and food waste$292 million$921 million
34 · Soap and cleaning products$281 million$939 million
95 · Toys and sports gear$262 million$873 million
16 · Prepared meat and fish$261 million$526 million
28 · Inorganic chemicals$209 million$663 million
38 · Miscellaneous chemicals$203 million$1.7 billion
69 · Ceramics$202 million$494 million
26 · Ores and slag$191 million$242 million
55 · Synthetic staple fibers$181 million$298 million
25 · Salt, stone and cement$163 million$288 million
32 · Dyes, paints and tanning agents$160 million$702 million
59 · Coated and technical textiles$153 million$481 million
07 · Vegetables$152 million$933 million
18 · Cocoa and chocolate$144 million$637 million
54 · Synthetic filaments$140 million$602 million
51 · Wool$136 million$230 million
20 · Preserved fruit and vegetables$134 million$740 million
11 · Milling products and malt$119 million$170 million
96 · Other manufactured goods$119 million$284 million
08 · Fruit and nuts$114 million$1.1 billion
49 · Books and printed matter$112 million$160 million
56 · Felt, nonwovens and rope$102 million$364 million
68 · Stone, plaster and cement articles$100 million$481 million
82 · Tools and cutlery$92 million$549 million
50 · Silk$91 million$100 million
31 · Fertilizers$78 million$918 million
52 · Cotton$76 million$212 million
17 · Sugar and sweets$72 million$433 million
58 · Special fabrics and lace$66 million$165 million
81 · Other base metals$55 million$114 million
47 · Wood pulp$51 million$150 million
41 · Hides and leather$43 million$262 million
35 · Glues, starches and enzymes$40 million$241 million
03 · Fish and seafood$38 million$426 million
78 · Lead$37 million$50 million
09 · Coffee, tea and spices$36 million$532 million
05 · Other animal products$34 million$90 million
60 · Knitted fabric$29 million$188 million
57 · Carpets and rugs$24 million$125 million
97 · Art and antiques$23 million$8 million
36 · Explosives and matches$22 million$99 million
65 · Hats$19 million$64 million
91 · Watches and clocks$17 million$93 million
43 · Fur and fur goods$16 million$7 million
75 · Nickel$16 million$74 million
92 · Musical instruments$13 million$37 million
46 · Wicker and basketware$13 million$13 million
06 · Live plants and flowers$11 million$318 million
79 · Zinc$7 million$101 million
53 · Other plant fibers$5 million$23 million
37 · Photographic goods$5 million$34 million
66 · Umbrellas and canes$5 million$22 million
80 · Tin$4 million$27 million
67 · Feathers and artificial flowers$4 million$33 million
14 · Other plant products$2 million$7 million
13 · Gums and plant extracts$1 million$41 million
45 · Cork$936 thousand$10 million

Trading partners

Germany is its main destination (18.2% of exports) and source (18.2% of imports).

Who it sells to

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
Germany18.618.2%Sea
Italy8.88.6%Sea
France76.9%Sea
United Kingdom5.15%Sea
Turkey44%Sea
United States43.9%Sea
Hungary43.9%Land
Poland3.63.5%Sea
Czechia3.43.3%Sea
Spain2.72.7%Sea

Who it buys from

PartnerValue (USD billions)ShareMode
Germany25.118.2%Sea
Italy11.28.1%Sea
Hungary96.5%Land
China8.86.4%Sea
Poland8.76.3%Sea
Turkey7.85.7%Sea
Bulgaria64.4%Land
Netherlands5.84.2%Sea
France5.74.1%Sea
Austria4.23%Sea

Overview 1995–2024

In 2024, Romania accounted for 0.45% of world exports, compared with 0.18% in 1995.

Exports and imports

Exports grew 11-fold since 1995

USD billions (current). Bars: trade balance (green surplus, red deficit).

  • Exports 102
  • Imports 138
  • Balance -35.6

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearExportsImportsTrade balance
1995$9.1 billion$10.8 billion-$1.6 billion
1996$9.4 billion$11.9 billion-$2.6 billion
1997$9.9 billion$11.5 billion-$1.6 billion
1998$10 billion$12.3 billion-$2.3 billion
1999$10.2 billion$11 billion-$816 million
2000$12.1 billion$13.5 billion-$1.5 billion
2001$13.5 billion$16.2 billion-$2.6 billion
2002$16.3 billion$18.7 billion-$2.4 billion
2003$20.6 billion$24.9 billion-$4.3 billion
2004$27 billion$33.9 billion-$7 billion
2005$30.7 billion$41.6 billion-$10.9 billion
2006$35.2 billion$52.8 billion-$17.5 billion
2007$39.7 billion$69.5 billion-$29.8 billion
2008$49.2 billion$82.6 billion-$33.4 billion
2009$41.5 billion$54.2 billion-$12.7 billion
2010$51.3 billion$61.9 billion-$10.5 billion
2011$63.8 billion$75.7 billion-$12 billion
2012$59.9 billion$69.7 billion-$9.7 billion
2013$67.3 billion$72.1 billion-$4.8 billion
2014$73.7 billion$76.4 billion-$2.7 billion
2015$64.2 billion$69.1 billion-$4.9 billion
2016$67.3 billion$73.4 billion-$6 billion
2017$74.4 billion$83.3 billion-$8.9 billion
2018$84.4 billion$99 billion-$14.6 billion
2019$80.6 billion$97.9 billion-$17.3 billion
2020$73.6 billion$93.1 billion-$19.5 billion
2021$89.8 billion$116.3 billion-$26.5 billion
2022$101.6 billion$134.3 billion-$32.7 billion
2023$106 billion$134.1 billion-$28.2 billion
2024$102.1 billion$137.7 billion-$35.6 billion

World rank

Romania rose from 53rd to 40th among the world's exporters

Rank among 222 countries by export value (1st at the top).

  • 53rd in 1995
  • 40th in 2024

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearRank
199553rd
199654th
199754th
199852nd
199955th
200056th
200152nd
200251st
200350th
200451st
200551st
200652nd
200754th
200856th
200953rd
201053rd
201154th
201255th
201354th
201446th
201544th
201640th
201741st
201843rd
201941st
202041st
202142nd
202244th
202340th
202440th

What it sells

Vehicles became its top export group: from 2% to 19%

% of exports by Harmonized System chapter.

  • Other 34%
  • Furniture and lighting 3%
  • Precision and medical instruments 3%
  • Rubber 3%
  • Cereals 4%
  • Oil, gas and coal 4%
  • Mechanical machinery 11%
  • Electrical and electronic equipment 18%
  • Vehicles 19%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Chapter19952024
Vehicles2.3%19.2%
Electrical and electronic equipment3.4%18.2%
Mechanical machinery5.7%11%
Oil, gas and coal6.6%4.1%
Cereals1.5%3.7%
Rubber0.8%3.3%
Precision and medical instruments0.18%3.1%
Furniture and lighting5.7%3.1%
Other73.9%34.4%

Who it trades with

Italy went from 15% to 8% of Romania's trade

% of total trade (exports + imports) with each partner.

  • Germany 18%
  • Italy 8%
  • Hungary 5%
  • France 5%
  • Poland 5%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Partner19952024
Germany17.1%18.2%
Italy14.8%8.3%
Hungary2.6%5.4%
France5.3%5.3%
Poland0.47%5.1%

Production hubs

Largest industrial emission sources (Climate TRACE, 2025)

  • Transylvanian basinOil and gas · 3.4 Mt CO₂e
  • Rovinari power stationPower · 3.2 Mt CO₂e
  • Petrom Brazi power stationPower · 1.8 Mt CO₂e
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Largest economic production hubs (gridded GDP, 2024)

  • Bucharest$232.9 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Timișoara$54.1 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
  • Cluj-Napoca$53.6 billion (PPP, 2021 dollars)
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Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Ranks are computed among the countries with data each year. Services are not included. Data up to 2024.

Neighboring countries

Main partners

See all countries