Summary
- Exports
- $3.5billion
- Imports
- $5billion
- Trade balance
- -$1.5billion
Products
What it exports
Unwrought nickel (12%) and vanilla (8.5%) together make up 20.5% of its exports.
What it imports
Refined petroleum (16.5%) and other knitted fabric (3.2%) together make up 19.7% of its imports.
By Harmonized System chapter (96)
| Chapter | Exports | Imports |
|---|---|---|
| 09 · Coffee, tea and spices | $577 million | $4 million |
| 62 · Woven clothing | $488 million | $14 million |
| 61 · Knitted clothing | $430 million | $15 million |
| 75 · Nickel | $421 million | $516 thousand |
| 26 · Ores and slag | $257 million | $363 thousand |
| 71 · Gems and precious metals | $198 million | $1 million |
| 25 · Salt, stone and cement | $108 million | $141 million |
| 03 · Fish and seafood | $100 million | $33 million |
| 33 · Perfumes and cosmetics | $96 million | $22 million |
| 81 · Other base metals | $85 million | $1 million |
| 18 · Cocoa and chocolate | $82 million | $5 million |
| 16 · Prepared meat and fish | $78 million | $6 million |
| 07 · Vegetables | $66 million | $2 million |
| 08 · Fruit and nuts | $60 million | $3 million |
| 46 · Wicker and basketware | $59 million | $394 thousand |
| 20 · Preserved fruit and vegetables | $51 million | $9 million |
| 27 · Oil, gas and coal | $37 million | $906 million |
| 42 · Leather goods and bags | $32 million | $12 million |
| 29 · Organic chemicals | $26 million | $17 million |
| 12 · Oilseeds and grains | $26 million | $2 million |
| 13 · Gums and plant extracts | $22 million | $581 thousand |
| 63 · Home textiles and used clothing | $17 million | $128 million |
| 31 · Fertilizers | $12 million | $36 million |
| 74 · Copper | $11 million | $3 million |
| 95 · Toys and sports gear | $10 million | $8 million |
| 84 · Mechanical machinery | $10 million | $380 million |
| 67 · Feathers and artificial flowers | $10 million | $403 thousand |
| 56 · Felt, nonwovens and rope | $9 million | $17 million |
| 52 · Cotton | $8 million | $137 million |
| 65 · Hats | $8 million | $1 million |
| 44 · Wood | $7 million | $11 million |
| 14 · Other plant products | $7 million | $21 thousand |
| 53 · Other plant fibers | $6 million | $3 million |
| 90 · Precision and medical instruments | $6 million | $48 million |
| 41 · Hides and leather | $6 million | $6 million |
| 88 · Aircraft and spacecraft | $5 million | $4 million |
| 48 · Paper and paperboard | $5 million | $94 million |
| 86 · Railway equipment | $4 million | $10 million |
| 91 · Watches and clocks | $4 million | $6 million |
| 85 · Electrical and electronic equipment | $4 million | $321 million |
| 73 · Iron and steel products | $4 million | $85 million |
| 39 · Plastics | $4 million | $185 million |
| 38 · Miscellaneous chemicals | $3 million | $35 million |
| 06 · Live plants and flowers | $3 million | $96 thousand |
| 15 · Fats and oils | $3 million | $219 million |
| 21 · Food preparations | $3 million | $41 million |
| 17 · Sugar and sweets | $3 million | $130 million |
| 23 · Animal feed and food waste | $3 million | $65 million |
| 28 · Inorganic chemicals | $2 million | $40 million |
| 97 · Art and antiques | $2 million | $5 million |
| 96 · Other manufactured goods | $2 million | $33 million |
| 60 · Knitted fabric | $2 million | $162 million |
| 22 · Beverages and spirits | $1 million | $28 million |
| 64 · Footwear | $1 million | $13 million |
| 89 · Ships and boats | $1 million | $5 million |
| 87 · Vehicles | $1 million | $293 million |
| 94 · Furniture and lighting | $982 thousand | $33 million |
| 58 · Special fabrics and lace | $838 thousand | $28 million |
| 47 · Wood pulp | $762 thousand | $2 million |
| 68 · Stone, plaster and cement articles | $760 thousand | $10 million |
| 76 · Aluminum | $715 thousand | $24 million |
| 04 · Dairy, eggs and honey | $714 thousand | $22 million |
| 01 · Live animals | $683 thousand | $3 million |
| 72 · Iron and steel | $635 thousand | $112 million |
| 30 · Pharmaceuticals | $478 thousand | $186 million |
| 05 · Other animal products | $373 thousand | $1 million |
| 02 · Meat and offal | $254 thousand | $360 thousand |
| 83 · Miscellaneous metal goods | $237 thousand | $29 million |
| 70 · Glass | $217 thousand | $30 million |
| 19 · Baked goods and cereal products | $209 thousand | $25 million |
| 54 · Synthetic filaments | $157 thousand | $107 million |
| 55 · Synthetic staple fibers | $144 thousand | $49 million |
| 32 · Dyes, paints and tanning agents | $135 thousand | $23 million |
| 49 · Books and printed matter | $126 thousand | $22 million |
| 40 · Rubber | $111 thousand | $49 million |
| 35 · Glues, starches and enzymes | $102 thousand | $6 million |
| 51 · Wool | $94 thousand | $44 million |
| 10 · Cereals | $93 thousand | $231 million |
| 82 · Tools and cutlery | $92 thousand | $15 million |
| 59 · Coated and technical textiles | $78 thousand | $7 million |
| 11 · Milling products and malt | $66 thousand | $86 million |
| 69 · Ceramics | $56 thousand | $43 million |
| 34 · Soap and cleaning products | $44 thousand | $45 million |
| 50 · Silk | $31 thousand | $4 million |
| 43 · Fur and fur goods | $24 thousand | $23 thousand |
| 57 · Carpets and rugs | $20 thousand | $2 million |
| 92 · Musical instruments | $19 thousand | $749 thousand |
| 78 · Lead | $12 thousand | $81 thousand |
| 66 · Umbrellas and canes | $9 thousand | $2 million |
| 79 · Zinc | $6 thousand | $220 thousand |
| 24 · Tobacco | $3 thousand | $11 million |
| 37 · Photographic goods | $1 thousand | $1 million |
| 36 · Explosives and matches | $756 | $2 million |
| 45 · Cork | $336 | $76 thousand |
| 93 · Weapons and ammunition | $0 | $428 thousand |
| 80 · Tin | $0 | $127 thousand |
Trading partners
Its main destination is the United States (19.8% of exports) and its main source is China (26.4% of imports).
Who it sells to
| Partner | Value (USD millions) | Share | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 693 | 19.8% | Sea |
| France | 604 | 17.3% | Sea |
| China | 276 | 7.9% | Sea |
| India | 215 | 6.1% | Sea |
| Japan | 190 | 5.4% | Sea |
| South Africa | 174 | 5% | Sea |
| Germany | 148 | 4.2% | Air |
| South Korea | 130 | 3.7% | Sea |
| Canada | 110 | 3.2% | Sea |
| Indonesia | 88.1 | 2.5% | Sea |
Who it buys from
| Partner | Value (USD billions) | Share | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | 1.3 | 26.4% | Sea |
| Oman | 0.65 | 13.1% | Sea |
| France | 0.32 | 6.4% | Sea |
| India | 0.28 | 5.5% | Sea |
| Pakistan | 0.22 | 4.3% | Sea |
| South Africa | 0.22 | 4.3% | Sea |
| United Arab Emirates | 0.2 | 4.1% | Sea |
| Mauritius | 0.18 | 3.6% | Sea |
| Malaysia | 0.15 | 3% | Sea |
| Egypt | 0.14 | 2.8% | Sea |
Overview 1995–2024
In 2024, Madagascar accounted for 0.02% of world exports, compared with 0.01% in 1995.
Exports and imports
Exports grew 5-fold since 1995
USD billions (current). Bars: trade balance (green surplus, red deficit).
- Exports 3.5
- Imports 5
- Balance -1.5
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Exports | Imports | Trade balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | $688 million | $711 million | -$23 million |
| 1996 | $709 million | $762 million | -$52 million |
| 1997 | $716 million | $790 million | -$73 million |
| 1998 | $773 million | $769 million | $3 million |
| 1999 | $821 million | $834 million | -$13 million |
| 2000 | $1.1 billion | $1.1 billion | -$1 million |
| 2001 | $1.2 billion | $1.1 billion | $103 million |
| 2002 | $892 million | $758 million | $135 million |
| 2003 | $1.3 billion | $1.5 billion | -$170 million |
| 2004 | $1.4 billion | $1.9 billion | -$464 million |
| 2005 | $1.2 billion | $1.8 billion | -$624 million |
| 2006 | $1.3 billion | $1.8 billion | -$558 million |
| 2007 | $1.5 billion | $2.7 billion | -$1.2 billion |
| 2008 | $1.7 billion | $4 billion | -$2.3 billion |
| 2009 | $1.4 billion | $3.3 billion | -$1.9 billion |
| 2010 | $1.3 billion | $2.7 billion | -$1.4 billion |
| 2011 | $1.7 billion | $3 billion | -$1.3 billion |
| 2012 | $1.9 billion | $2.6 billion | -$672 million |
| 2013 | $2.3 billion | $2.9 billion | -$584 million |
| 2014 | $2.7 billion | $3.4 billion | -$705 million |
| 2015 | $2.7 billion | $3 billion | -$362 million |
| 2016 | $2.9 billion | $3.1 billion | -$220 million |
| 2017 | $3.7 billion | $3.8 billion | -$138 million |
| 2018 | $4 billion | $4.3 billion | -$369 million |
| 2019 | $3.7 billion | $4.3 billion | -$552 million |
| 2020 | $2.8 billion | $3.4 billion | -$629 million |
| 2021 | $3.4 billion | $4.6 billion | -$1.2 billion |
| 2022 | $4.6 billion | $5.8 billion | -$1.2 billion |
| 2023 | $4.3 billion | $5.2 billion | -$910 million |
| 2024 | $3.5 billion | $5 billion | -$1.5 billion |
World rank
Madagascar fell from 117th to 131st among the world's exporters
Rank among 222 countries by export value (1st at the top).
- 117th in 1995
- 131st in 2024
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Rank |
|---|---|
| 1995 | 117th |
| 1996 | 122nd |
| 1997 | 126th |
| 1998 | 123rd |
| 1999 | 125th |
| 2000 | 123rd |
| 2001 | 122nd |
| 2002 | 133rd |
| 2003 | 125th |
| 2004 | 128th |
| 2005 | 137th |
| 2006 | 141st |
| 2007 | 140th |
| 2008 | 145th |
| 2009 | 144th |
| 2010 | 149th |
| 2011 | 147th |
| 2012 | 143rd |
| 2013 | 143rd |
| 2014 | 137th |
| 2015 | 131st |
| 2016 | 129th |
| 2017 | 124th |
| 2018 | 127th |
| 2019 | 128th |
| 2020 | 133rd |
| 2021 | 135th |
| 2022 | 132nd |
| 2023 | 134th |
| 2024 | 131st |
What it sells
Its top export group is still coffee, tea and spices: 17% in 2024
% of exports by Harmonized System chapter.
- Other 26%
- Fish and seafood 3%
- Salt, stone and cement 3%
- Gems and precious metals 6%
- Ores and slag 7%
- Nickel 12%
- Knitted clothing 12%
- Woven clothing 14%
- Coffee, tea and spices 17%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Chapter | 1995 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Coffee, tea and spices | 28.6% | 16.5% |
| Woven clothing | 9.4% | 14% |
| Knitted clothing | 6.5% | 12.3% |
| Nickel | 0% | 12% |
| Ores and slag | 2.4% | 7.3% |
| Gems and precious metals | 0.76% | 5.7% |
| Salt, stone and cement | 2.3% | 3.1% |
| Fish and seafood | 13.7% | 2.9% |
| Other | 36.2% | 26.2% |
Who it trades with
France went from 35% to 11% of Madagascar's trade
% of total trade (exports + imports) with each partner.
- China 19%
- France 11%
- United States 9%
- Oman 8%
- India 6%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Partner | 1995 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| China | 1.8% | 18.8% |
| France | 35.1% | 10.9% |
| United States | 5.7% | 9.3% |
| Oman | 0% | 7.7% |
| India | 0.89% | 5.8% |
Production hubs
Largest industrial emission sources (Climate TRACE, 2025)
No hubs above the globe threshold.
View on the globeSources and methodology
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Climate TRACE · CC BY 4.0 (emissions by asset; the 3 largest per country are shown)
- Kummu et al., gridded GDP · CC BY 4.0 (hubs aggregated by this site)
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Ranks are computed among the countries with data each year. Services are not included. Data up to 2024.