How dependent is Turkey on Russia?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Russia sells 5.3% of what the world exports of refined petroleum; next come United States (11.7%), Singapore (6.3%) and South Korea (5.9%). The rest of the world exported 70.6 times what Turkey buys from Russia.
• Russia sells 12.6% of what the world exports of coal; next come Australia (33.5%), Indonesia (19.9%) and United States (10.6%). The rest of the world exported 60.7 times what Turkey buys from Russia.
• Russia sells 16.1% of what the world exports of wheat; next come Canada (13.7%), United States (11.5%) and Australia (9.6%). The rest of the world exported 41.9 times what Turkey buys from Russia.
• Russia sells 24.1% of what the world exports of sunflower, safflower and cottonseed oil; next come Ukraine (29.5%), Netherlands (5.9%) and Argentina (4.5%). The rest of the world exported 16.7 times what Turkey buys from Russia.
• Russia sells 19.2% of what the world exports of pig iron; next come Brazil (36.5%), Ukraine (10.5%) and Indonesia (8.8%). The rest of the world exported 10.4 times what Turkey buys from Russia.
• Russia sells 6.6% of what the world exports of meal from other oilseeds; next come Canada (19.1%), Indonesia (18.2%) and Ukraine (10.2%). The rest of the world exported 31 times what Turkey buys from Russia.
• Russia sells 26% of what the world exports of nuclear reactors and fuel; next come Sweden (17.8%), Germany (11.4%) and United States (7.5%). The rest of the world exported 12.8 times what Turkey buys from Russia.
• Russia sells 10.3% of what the world exports of bran and milling residues; next come India (7.9%), Vietnam (6.8%) and United States (6.6%). The rest of the world exported 9.1 times what Turkey buys from Russia.
• Russia sells 5.1% of what the world exports of aluminum wire; next come Canada (11.8%), Bahrain (11.3%) and India (8.6%). The rest of the world exported 54.3 times what Turkey buys from Russia.
• Russia sells 1.8% of what the world exports of steam boilers; next come China (31.7%), Germany (7.4%) and France (6.5%). The rest of the world exported 59.2 times what Turkey buys from Russia.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Turkey is Russia’s 3rd-largest customer, with 6.9% of its exports.

• Trade between Turkey and Russia
• Who does Turkey rely on?
• Who does Russia rely on?
• Dependence of Turkey on China
• Dependence of Turkey on Switzerland
• Dependence of Turkey on Italy
• Dependence of Turkey on France
• Dependence of Turkey on Brazil
• Dependence of Turkey on the United States
• Dependence of Turkey on Malaysia
• Trade profile of Turkey
• Trade profile of Russia
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.