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Sulfur: top exporters and importers (2024)

In 2024, world trade in sulfur totaled $5.6 billion (41.1 million tonnes). The top exporters were the United Arab Emirates (20%), Kazakhstan (18%) and Saudi Arabia (11%); the top importers were Morocco (33%), China (18%) and Indonesia (8%). Compared with 2019, the value rose 30%.

Summary

World trade
$5.6billion
Tonnes
41.1million tonnes
Price per tonne
$133
The largest flows between countries. Width: value; color: estimated transport mode.SeaAirLand

Top exporters

  1. United Arab Emirates$1.1 billion · 19.7%
  2. Kazakhstan$1 billion · 18.2%
  3. Saudi Arabia$595 million · 10.7%
  4. Qatar$586 million · 10.5%
  5. Canada$385 million · 6.9%
  6. United States$244 million · 4.4%
  7. Kuwait$217 million · 3.9%
  8. South Korea$154 million · 2.8%
  9. Oman$140 million · 2.5%
  10. Zambia$112 million · 2%
  11. Russia$102 million · 1.8%
  12. India$92 million · 1.7%
  13. Iran$81 million · 1.5%
  14. Japan$75 million · 1.3%
  15. South Africa$64 million · 1.2%
  16. Netherlands$58 million · 1%
    re-exports
  17. Poland$57 million · 1%
  18. Singapore$53 million · 0.96%
    re-exports
  19. Spain$52 million · 0.94%
  20. Turkey$47 million · 0.84%

Top importers

  1. Morocco$1.8 billion · 32.7%
  2. China$1 billion · 18.2%
  3. Indonesia$463 million · 8.3%
  4. Brazil$307 million · 5.5%
  5. India$240 million · 4.3%
  6. Singapore$135 million · 2.4%
    re-exports
  7. Democratic Republic of the Congo$128 million · 2.3%
  8. United States$127 million · 2.3%
  9. Switzerland$115 million · 2.1%
  10. Zambia$115 million · 2.1%
  11. Israel$87 million · 1.6%
  12. Tunisia$75 million · 1.3%
  13. Mexico$73 million · 1.3%
  14. Belgium$68 million · 1.2%
    re-exports
  15. Senegal$67 million · 1.2%
  16. South Africa$63 million · 1.1%
  17. Australia$60 million · 1.1%
  18. Egypt$42 million · 0.75%
  19. Turkey$37 million · 0.66%
  20. Namibia$36 million · 0.64%

Trend

Who sells it

The United Arab Emirates has been the top exporter since 2015

Value in USD billions. The five largest exporters in 2024.

  • United Arab Emirates 1.1
  • Kazakhstan 1
  • Saudi Arabia 0.59
  • Qatar 0.59
  • Canada 0.38

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Country19952024
United Arab Emirates0.031.1
Kazakhstan< 0.011
Saudi Arabia0.120.59
Qatar< 0.010.59
Canada0.380.38

Price

Implied price

The price per tonne rose 86% since 1995

Current US dollars per tonne: value over the weight reported by BACI.

  • 2024: $133

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearUSD per tonne
1995$71
1996$56
1997$51
1998$45
1999$44
2000$58
2001$45
2002$49
2003$71
2004$82
2005$84
2006$69
2007$97
2008$417
2009$72
2010$110
2011$203
2012$196
2013$133
2014$154
2015$153
2016$119
2017$111
2018$154
2019$118
2020$81
2021$190
2022$316
2023$172
2024$133

What it includes

  • 2503 · Sulfur

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Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), which reconciles what exporters and importers report: countries that stopped reporting (Russia since 2022) appear with their partners’ data. FOB values in current US dollars; tonnes when BACI reports them. The price per tonne is the value of the rows with a weight divided by that weight. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Data up to 2024.

Hong Kong, Singapore, the Netherlands and Belgium re-export goods from other countries: their figures include transit.

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