Summary
- Exports
- $363.2billion
- Imports
- $288.9billion
- Trade balance
- +$74.3billion
Products
What it exports
Iron ore (25%) and coal (16.3%) together make up 41.3% of its exports.
What it imports
Refined petroleum (10.9%) and cars (8.3%) together make up 19.2% of its imports.
By Harmonized System chapter (96)
| Chapter | Exports | Imports |
|---|---|---|
| 27 · Oil, gas and coal | $116.4 billion | $37.8 billion |
| 26 · Ores and slag | $105 billion | $714 million |
| 71 · Gems and precious metals | $37.1 billion | $8.7 billion |
| 02 · Meat and offal | $14.1 billion | $689 million |
| 10 · Cereals | $8.3 billion | $295 million |
| 28 · Inorganic chemicals | $8 billion | $2.2 billion |
| 76 · Aluminum | $4.7 billion | $2.6 billion |
| 84 · Mechanical machinery | $4.5 billion | $41.4 billion |
| 74 · Copper | $4.4 billion | $1 billion |
| 25 · Salt, stone and cement | $4.2 billion | $593 million |
| 12 · Oilseeds and grains | $3.9 billion | $444 million |
| 90 · Precision and medical instruments | $3.7 billion | $10.1 billion |
| 30 · Pharmaceuticals | $3.1 billion | $10.9 billion |
| 85 · Electrical and electronic equipment | $2.9 billion | $31.9 billion |
| 07 · Vegetables | $2.7 billion | $341 million |
| 22 · Beverages and spirits | $2.4 billion | $2 billion |
| 52 · Cotton | $2.3 billion | $55 million |
| 04 · Dairy, eggs and honey | $2.3 billion | $1.2 billion |
| 75 · Nickel | $2.1 billion | $99 million |
| 08 · Fruit and nuts | $2.1 billion | $809 million |
| 72 · Iron and steel | $2 billion | $1.7 billion |
| 51 · Wool | $1.8 billion | $46 million |
| 17 · Sugar and sweets | $1.8 billion | $420 million |
| 21 · Food preparations | $1.5 billion | $2.8 billion |
| 44 · Wood | $1.4 billion | $1.9 billion |
| 87 · Vehicles | $1.3 billion | $43.1 billion |
| 79 · Zinc | $1.2 billion | $40 million |
| 88 · Aircraft and spacecraft | $1.2 billion | $4.3 billion |
| 15 · Fats and oils | $1.2 billion | $1 billion |
| 01 · Live animals | $1.1 billion | $188 million |
| 39 · Plastics | $954 million | $7.9 billion |
| 03 · Fish and seafood | $870 million | $901 million |
| 78 · Lead | $855 million | $10 million |
| 11 · Milling products and malt | $839 million | $187 million |
| 33 · Perfumes and cosmetics | $832 million | $2.7 billion |
| 48 · Paper and paperboard | $715 million | $2.9 billion |
| 19 · Baked goods and cereal products | $693 million | $1.9 billion |
| 73 · Iron and steel products | $685 million | $6.8 billion |
| 32 · Dyes, paints and tanning agents | $672 million | $845 million |
| 23 · Animal feed and food waste | $659 million | $1.2 billion |
| 41 · Hides and leather | $480 million | $45 million |
| 95 · Toys and sports gear | $462 million | $3.2 billion |
| 38 · Miscellaneous chemicals | $428 million | $2.2 billion |
| 05 · Other animal products | $393 million | $82 million |
| 89 · Ships and boats | $372 million | $1.3 billion |
| 31 · Fertilizers | $321 million | $3.8 billion |
| 35 · Glues, starches and enzymes | $297 million | $391 million |
| 18 · Cocoa and chocolate | $282 million | $1 billion |
| 34 · Soap and cleaning products | $269 million | $1.2 billion |
| 29 · Organic chemicals | $245 million | $2.1 billion |
| 94 · Furniture and lighting | $234 million | $5.5 billion |
| 16 · Prepared meat and fish | $216 million | $908 million |
| 40 · Rubber | $215 million | $4.1 billion |
| 49 · Books and printed matter | $209 million | $609 million |
| 20 · Preserved fruit and vegetables | $208 million | $1.5 billion |
| 47 · Wood pulp | $187 million | $222 million |
| 93 · Weapons and ammunition | $173 million | $486 million |
| 81 · Other base metals | $133 million | $117 million |
| 63 · Home textiles and used clothing | $133 million | $1.7 billion |
| 82 · Tools and cutlery | $131 million | $1.2 billion |
| 83 · Miscellaneous metal goods | $123 million | $1.2 billion |
| 62 · Woven clothing | $121 million | $4 billion |
| 61 · Knitted clothing | $107 million | $4.2 billion |
| 64 · Footwear | $102 million | $2 billion |
| 97 · Art and antiques | $102 million | $193 million |
| 36 · Explosives and matches | $101 million | $220 million |
| 68 · Stone, plaster and cement articles | $97 million | $849 million |
| 70 · Glass | $95 million | $887 million |
| 91 · Watches and clocks | $93 million | $832 million |
| 42 · Leather goods and bags | $81 million | $1.6 billion |
| 86 · Railway equipment | $70 million | $974 million |
| 56 · Felt, nonwovens and rope | $52 million | $280 million |
| 69 · Ceramics | $43 million | $921 million |
| 59 · Coated and technical textiles | $42 million | $235 million |
| 13 · Gums and plant extracts | $39 million | $160 million |
| 09 · Coffee, tea and spices | $39 million | $918 million |
| 96 · Other manufactured goods | $37 million | $681 million |
| 57 · Carpets and rugs | $24 million | $401 million |
| 54 · Synthetic filaments | $21 million | $283 million |
| 06 · Live plants and flowers | $16 million | $121 million |
| 60 · Knitted fabric | $15 million | $57 million |
| 55 · Synthetic staple fibers | $12 million | $99 million |
| 80 · Tin | $11 million | $13 million |
| 37 · Photographic goods | $11 million | $75 million |
| 92 · Musical instruments | $10 million | $164 million |
| 24 · Tobacco | $10 million | $296 million |
| 65 · Hats | $9 million | $285 million |
| 58 · Special fabrics and lace | $6 million | $46 million |
| 43 · Fur and fur goods | $3 million | $19 million |
| 67 · Feathers and artificial flowers | $3 million | $85 million |
| 45 · Cork | $2 million | $24 million |
| 53 · Other plant fibers | $1 million | $35 million |
| 66 · Umbrellas and canes | $729 thousand | $51 million |
| 46 · Wicker and basketware | $505 thousand | $35 million |
| 14 · Other plant products | $275 thousand | $11 million |
| 50 · Silk | $200 thousand | $3 million |
Trading partners
China is its main destination (36.3% of exports) and source (26% of imports).
Who it sells to
| Partner | Value (USD billions) | Share | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | 132 | 36.3% | Sea |
| Japan | 49.3 | 13.6% | Sea |
| South Korea | 29.4 | 8.1% | Sea |
| India | 18.1 | 5% | Sea |
| United States | 15.4 | 4.3% | Sea |
| Taiwan | 14.5 | 4% | Sea |
| Indonesia | 10.1 | 2.8% | Sea |
| United Kingdom | 8 | 2.2% | Air |
| Singapore | 7.8 | 2.1% | Sea |
| Hong Kong | 7.6 | 2.1% | Air |
Who it buys from
| Partner | Value (USD billions) | Share | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | 75.2 | 26% | Sea |
| United States | 34.2 | 11.8% | Sea |
| Japan | 17.1 | 5.9% | Sea |
| South Korea | 16.6 | 5.8% | Sea |
| Thailand | 14 | 4.9% | Sea |
| Germany | 12.6 | 4.4% | Sea |
| Malaysia | 11.5 | 4% | Sea |
| Singapore | 10 | 3.5% | Sea |
| Vietnam | 7.9 | 2.7% | Sea |
| India | 7.8 | 2.7% | Sea |
Overview 1995–2024
In 2024, Australia accounted for 1.6% of world exports, compared with 1.1% in 1995.
Exports and imports
Exports grew 6.5-fold since 1995
USD billions (current). Bars: trade balance (green surplus, red deficit).
- Exports 363
- Imports 289
- Balance +74.3
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Exports | Imports | Trade balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | $56.1 billion | $57.8 billion | -$1.6 billion |
| 1996 | $64.1 billion | $61.5 billion | $2.6 billion |
| 1997 | $66.5 billion | $61.6 billion | $5 billion |
| 1998 | $62.2 billion | $60.7 billion | $1.5 billion |
| 1999 | $59.5 billion | $65.5 billion | -$6 billion |
| 2000 | $68.8 billion | $72.1 billion | -$3.3 billion |
| 2001 | $69.8 billion | $65.5 billion | $4.3 billion |
| 2002 | $70.8 billion | $73.2 billion | -$2.3 billion |
| 2003 | $75.5 billion | $90.1 billion | -$14.6 billion |
| 2004 | $96.2 billion | $109.5 billion | -$13.4 billion |
| 2005 | $117.1 billion | $124 billion | -$6.9 billion |
| 2006 | $134.2 billion | $139 billion | -$4.8 billion |
| 2007 | $158.9 billion | $164.5 billion | -$5.6 billion |
| 2008 | $202.7 billion | $196 billion | $6.7 billion |
| 2009 | $166.7 billion | $160.1 billion | $6.6 billion |
| 2010 | $217.2 billion | $196.6 billion | $20.6 billion |
| 2011 | $264.6 billion | $231.5 billion | $33.1 billion |
| 2012 | $267.7 billion | $241.8 billion | $26 billion |
| 2013 | $267.2 billion | $227 billion | $40.2 billion |
| 2014 | $268.2 billion | $219.7 billion | $48.6 billion |
| 2015 | $212.6 billion | $194.9 billion | $17.7 billion |
| 2016 | $206 billion | $186.1 billion | $19.8 billion |
| 2017 | $264 billion | $219.8 billion | $44.2 billion |
| 2018 | $275.7 billion | $231 billion | $44.7 billion |
| 2019 | $296.7 billion | $220.8 billion | $75.9 billion |
| 2020 | $265.3 billion | $210.9 billion | $54.5 billion |
| 2021 | $365.7 billion | $257.9 billion | $107.9 billion |
| 2022 | $435.3 billion | $303 billion | $132.3 billion |
| 2023 | $399.8 billion | $285.3 billion | $114.5 billion |
| 2024 | $363.2 billion | $288.9 billion | $74.3 billion |
World rank
Australia rose from 22nd to 20th among the world's exporters
Rank among 222 countries by export value (1st at the top).
- 22nd in 1995
- 20th in 2024
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Rank |
|---|---|
| 1995 | 22nd |
| 1996 | 21st |
| 1997 | 21st |
| 1998 | 22nd |
| 1999 | 24th |
| 2000 | 24th |
| 2001 | 24th |
| 2002 | 23rd |
| 2003 | 26th |
| 2004 | 27th |
| 2005 | 25th |
| 2006 | 24th |
| 2007 | 24th |
| 2008 | 23rd |
| 2009 | 23rd |
| 2010 | 22nd |
| 2011 | 22nd |
| 2012 | 22nd |
| 2013 | 22nd |
| 2014 | 21st |
| 2015 | 21st |
| 2016 | 22nd |
| 2017 | 21st |
| 2018 | 23rd |
| 2019 | 19th |
| 2020 | 21st |
| 2021 | 18th |
| 2022 | 18th |
| 2023 | 19th |
| 2024 | 20th |
What it sells
Its top export group is still oil, gas and coal: 32% in 2024
% of exports by Harmonized System chapter.
- Other 18%
- Mechanical machinery 1%
- Aluminum 1%
- Inorganic chemicals 2%
- Cereals 2%
- Meat and offal 4%
- Gems and precious metals 10%
- Ores and slag 29%
- Oil, gas and coal 32%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Chapter | 1995 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Oil, gas and coal | 18.5% | 32.1% |
| Ores and slag | 8.4% | 28.9% |
| Gems and precious metals | 6.9% | 10.2% |
| Meat and offal | 5% | 3.9% |
| Cereals | 2.4% | 2.3% |
| Inorganic chemicals | 3.6% | 2.2% |
| Aluminum | 4.1% | 1.3% |
| Mechanical machinery | 6.2% | 1.2% |
| Other | 44.9% | 17.9% |
Who it trades with
China went from 5% to 32% of Australia's trade
% of total trade (exports + imports) with each partner.
- China 32%
- Japan 10%
- United States 8%
- South Korea 7%
- India 4%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Partner | 1995 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| China | 4.7% | 31.7% |
| Japan | 20% | 10.2% |
| United States | 14.3% | 7.6% |
| South Korea | 5.9% | 7.1% |
| India | 1.7% | 4% |
Production hubs
Largest industrial emission sources (Climate TRACE, 2025)
- Loy Yang A power station
- Eraring power station
- Bayswater power station
Sources and methodology
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Climate TRACE · CC BY 4.0 (emissions by asset; the 3 largest per country are shown)
- Kummu et al., gridded GDP · CC BY 4.0 (hubs aggregated by this site)
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Ranks are computed among the countries with data each year. Services are not included. Data up to 2024.