Summary
- Largest supplier: India
- 67.5%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 5,009
- Products with a supplier above 50%
- 507
- Products with a supplier above 75%
- 331
Concentration index (HHI): 5,009 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 2 suppliers of the same size
Trend
Trend in shares
India went from 22.5% to 67.5% of what Nepal buys
Share (%)
- India 67.5%
- China 21%
- Singapore 2.4%
- Australia 0.97%
- United States 0.91%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest supplier | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | India | 22.5% |
| 1996 | India | 27.1% |
| 1997 | India | 27.4% |
| 1998 | India | 20.6% |
| 1999 | India | 36.7% |
| 2000 | India | 26.7% |
| 2001 | India | 28.2% |
| 2002 | India | 39% |
| 2003 | India | 49.1% |
| 2004 | India | 60.2% |
| 2005 | India | 64.3% |
| 2006 | India | 63.2% |
| 2007 | India | 59.6% |
| 2008 | India | 65% |
| 2009 | India | 54.1% |
| 2010 | India | 61.2% |
| 2011 | India | 61.6% |
| 2012 | India | 59.4% |
| 2013 | India | 56.9% |
| 2014 | India | 60.8% |
| 2015 | India | 57.1% |
| 2016 | India | 62.5% |
| 2017 | India | 60.8% |
| 2018 | India | 62.8% |
| 2019 | India | 62.4% |
| 2020 | India | 63.6% |
| 2021 | India | 61% |
| 2022 | India | 63.7% |
| 2023 | India | 70.2% |
| 2024 | India | 67.5% |
Its suppliers
Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.
Products with a dominant supplier
Of the 552 products Nepal buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.
| Product | Supplier | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refined petroleum | India | 99.6%over 75% | Australia · 0.14% | $1.5 billion |
| Natural gas and LPG | India | 100%over 75% | China · 0% | $399 million |
| Direct-reduced iron | India | 100%over 75% | — | $309 million |
| Cars | China | 73.1% | India · 23.8% | $287 million |
| Medicines in measured doses or retail packs | India | 92.7%over 75% | United Kingdom · 2.1% | $222 million |
| Rice | India | 98.7%over 75% | United States · 0.83% | $168 million |
| Hot-rolled flat steel | India | 99.8%over 75% | China · 0.24% | $165 million |
| Motorcycles | India | 95.9%over 75% | China · 3.9% | $154 million |
| Coal | India | 100%over 75% | Tanzania · 0% | $128 million |
| Corn | India | 79.8%over 75% | Turkey · 8.6% | $120 million |
| Computers | Singapore | 58.9% | China · 15.6% | $110 million |
| Soybean meal and pellets | India | 89.4%over 75% | United States · 10.6% | $103 million |
| Semi-finished steel | India | 100%over 75% | — | $89 million |
| Transformers and power supplies | India | 62.1% | China · 35.1% | $87 million |
| Polyethylene | India | 86.9%over 75% | Saudi Arabia · 9.6% | $84 million |
| Apples and pears | China | 94.2%over 75% | India · 5.8% | $81 million |
| Onions and garlic | China | 91.4%over 75% | India · 8.6% | $75 million |
| Rapeseed (canola) | Australia | 77.9%over 75% | Canada · 16% | $75 million |
| New tires | India | 90.1%over 75% | China · 5.9% | $73 million |
| Other knitted fabric | China | 89.1%over 75% | India · 10.8% | $73 million |
| Airplanes and helicopters | Israel | 66.8% | France · 29.4% | $73 million |
| Electricity | India | 100%over 75% | — | $70 million |
| Mixed fertilizers | India | 50.3% | China · 49.6% | $68 million |
| Synthetic filament fabric | China | 65.8% | India · 33.5% | $67 million |
| Steel wire rod | India | 99.9%over 75% | China · 0.09% | $66 million |
and 482 more
A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.
Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.
Selling: who it relies on
- Largest customer: India
- 70%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 5,028
Concentration index (HHI): 5,028 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 2 customers of the same size
Trend in shares
India went from 12.8% to 70% of what Nepal sells
Share (%)
- India 70%
- United States 10.1%
- Germany 2.8%
- China 2.2%
- France 1.8%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest customer | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Germany | 40.3% |
| 1996 | Germany | 32.7% |
| 1997 | Germany | 28.4% |
| 1998 | United States | 30.7% |
| 1999 | India | 33.3% |
| 2000 | India | 36.8% |
| 2001 | India | 49% |
| 2002 | India | 47.2% |
| 2003 | India | 48.6% |
| 2004 | India | 50.1% |
| 2005 | India | 56.5% |
| 2006 | India | 51.7% |
| 2007 | India | 60.9% |
| 2008 | India | 65.2% |
| 2009 | India | 61.6% |
| 2010 | India | 61.1% |
| 2011 | India | 62.3% |
| 2012 | India | 58.4% |
| 2013 | India | 60.9% |
| 2014 | India | 62% |
| 2015 | India | 61.8% |
| 2016 | India | 56.8% |
| 2017 | India | 55.3% |
| 2018 | India | 55.2% |
| 2019 | India | 67.3% |
| 2020 | India | 70.1% |
| 2021 | India | 78.5% |
| 2022 | India | 67.7% |
| 2023 | India | 66.3% |
| 2024 | India | 70% |
69 of the 101 products Nepal sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Nepal sells of that product; in 55, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 75.6% of what Nepal sells.
| Product | Customer | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soybean oil | India | 100%over 75% | — | $93 million |
| Knotted carpets | United States | 60% | Germany · 6.6% | $84 million |
| Synthetic fiber yarn | India | 91.7%over 75% | Turkey · 8.3% | $82 million |
| Coated flat steel | India | 100%over 75% | Canada · 0.05% | $76 million |
| Nutmeg, mace and cardamom | India | 98.2%over 75% | Pakistan · 1.6% | $62 million |
| Soft drinks | India | 99.9%over 75% | United Kingdom · 0.06% | $61 million |
| Plywood | India | 100%over 75% | Singapore · 0% | $60 million |
| Jute fabric | India | 100%over 75% | Denmark · 0.04% | $36 million |
| Palm oil | India | 100%over 75% | — | $34 million |
| Tea | India | 91.2%over 75% | Germany · 3.5% | $33 million |
| Cement | India | 100%over 75% | — | $26 million |
| Cotton linters and other plant products | India | 97.4%over 75% | Japan · 2.4% | $26 million |
| Sunflower, safflower and cottonseed oil | India | 100%over 75% | — | $24 million |
| Pet and animal feed | United States | 88.3%over 75% | Canada · 9.9% | $24 million |
| Meal from other oilseeds | India | 100%over 75% | — | $22 million |
and 54 more
Concentration compared
The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).
| Rank | Country | HHI |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | Sint Maarten | 5,942 |
| 7 | Andorra | 5,451 |
| 8 | Nepal | 5,009 |
| 9 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 4,919 |
| 10 | Greenland | 4,754 |
| 11 | Botswana | 4,754 |
Links
Sources and method
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.
Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.
The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.
Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.
The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.
Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.