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Trade between India and Nepal

In 2024, India exported $7 billion to Nepal and imported $868 million. India ran a surplus of $6.1 billion with Nepal, compared with a surplus of $7.3 billion in 2019. Nepal was India’s 35th largest trading partner (0.7% of its trade), and India was Nepal’s largest (68%).

Summary

India → Nepal
$7billion
Nepal → India
$868million
India’s balance
$6.1billion

Balance

India’s trade balance with Nepal

Trade between India and Nepal grew 37.9-fold since 1995

USD billions (current). India’s exports and imports; bars: its balance (green surplus, red deficit).

  • Exports 7
  • Imports 0.9
  • Balance +6.1

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearExportsImportsTrade balance
1995$159 million$47 million$112 million
1996$165 million$62 million$103 million
1997$168 million$95 million$73 million
1998$300 million$167 million$133 million
1999$605 million$221 million$384 million
2000$448 million$307 million$140 million
2001$187 million$356 million-$169 million
2002$262 million$266 million-$4 million
2003$949 million$384 million$565 million
2004$742 million$340 million$402 million
2005$831 million$385 million$446 million
2006$922 million$318 million$604 million
2007$1.2 billion$469 million$757 million
2008$1.7 billion$629 million$1.1 billion
2009$2.2 billion$534 million$1.6 billion
2010$3.3 billion$619 million$2.7 billion
2011$3.9 billion$630 million$3.3 billion
2012$4 billion$562 million$3.5 billion
2013$4.1 billion$591 million$3.5 billion
2014$5 billion$682 million$4.3 billion
2015$4.1 billion$572 million$3.5 billion
2016$5.9 billion$524 million$5.3 billion
2017$6.4 billion$507 million$5.9 billion
2018$8.4 billion$534 million$7.8 billion
2019$8 billion$755 million$7.3 billion
2020$6.4 billion$717 million$5.7 billion
2021$9.8 billion$1.4 billion$8.4 billion
2022$8.8 billion$1 billion$7.8 billion
2023$7.2 billion$811 million$6.4 billion
2024$7 billion$868 million$6.1 billion

What they sell each other

What India sells to Nepal

The top 10 headings in 2024, with their share of the total.

  1. Refined petroleum$1.5 billion · 22.1%
    1.8 million tonnes · India’s destinations
  2. Natural gas and LPG$399 million · 5.7%
    517 thousand tonnes
  3. Direct-reduced iron$309 million · 4.4%
    987 thousand tonnes
  4. 5 thousand tonnes · India’s destinations
  5. Rice$166 million · 2.4%
    461 thousand tonnes · India’s destinations
  6. Hot-rolled flat steel$164 million · 2.4%
    291 thousand tonnes
  7. Motorcycles$148 million · 2.1%
    6 thousand tonnes · India’s destinations
  8. Coal$128 million · 1.8%
    1.4 million tonnes
  9. Corn$96 million · 1.4%
    315 thousand tonnes
  10. Soybean meal and pellets$92 million · 1.3%
    195 thousand tonnes

What Nepal sells to India

The top 10 headings in 2024, with their share of the total.

  1. Soybean oil$93 million · 10.8%
    65 thousand tonnes · India’s sources
  2. Coated flat steel$76 million · 8.8%
    86 thousand tonnes
  3. Synthetic fiber yarn$76 million · 8.7%
    109 thousand tonnes
  4. Nutmeg, mace and cardamom$61 million · 7%
    5 thousand tonnes
  5. Soft drinks$61 million · 7%
    88 thousand tonnes
  6. Plywood$60 million · 7%
    642 thousand tonnes
  7. Jute fabric$36 million · 4.1%
    18 thousand tonnes
  8. Palm oil$34 million · 4%
    28 thousand tonnes · India’s sources
  9. Tea$30 million · 3.5%
    16 thousand tonnes
  10. Cement$26 million · 3%
    522 thousand tonnes

How it travels

India and Nepal traded $7.8 billion in 2024 (both directions together). They trade mostly over land: 100% of the value travels by truck, rail or pipeline.

Split by transport mode

  1. Land$7.8 billion · 100%

Mode estimated from value per kilo and geography; both directions together.

How much each matters to the other

Nepal was India’s 35th largest trading partner (0.7% of its trade), and India was Nepal’s largest (68%).

Nepal in India’s trade
0.7%
Nepal’s rank among India’s partners
35th
India in Nepal’s trade
67.8%
India’s rank among Nepal’s partners
1st

Compare with

Other partners of Nepal

Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. The sea route comes from our own network derived from World Bank shipping density (not from nautical charts), between one main reference port per country (World Port Index); days are the distance at 14 and 18 knots, without port calls or waiting. Data up to 2024.