Summary
- Largest supplier: China
- 35.1%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 2,295
- Products with a supplier above 50%
- 404
- Products with a supplier above 75%
- 209
Concentration index (HHI): 2,295 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 4 suppliers of the same size
Trend
Trend in shares
China went from 0.55% to 35.1% of what Venezuela buys
Share (%)
- China 35.1%
- United States 30.2%
- Brazil 8.8%
- Colombia 7.3%
- Turkey 2.2%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest supplier | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | United States | 39.8% |
| 1996 | United States | 41.5% |
| 1997 | United States | 42.7% |
| 1998 | United States | 40.6% |
| 1999 | United States | 37.3% |
| 2000 | United States | 36.3% |
| 2001 | United States | 31.7% |
| 2002 | United States | 30.8% |
| 2003 | United States | 31.3% |
| 2004 | United States | 28.9% |
| 2005 | United States | 29% |
| 2006 | United States | 27.9% |
| 2007 | United States | 23.7% |
| 2008 | United States | 25.5% |
| 2009 | United States | 26% |
| 2010 | United States | 27.4% |
| 2011 | United States | 23.6% |
| 2012 | United States | 23.8% |
| 2013 | United States | 22.8% |
| 2014 | United States | 28.4% |
| 2015 | United States | 29.1% |
| 2016 | United States | 32.4% |
| 2017 | United States | 38.6% |
| 2018 | United States | 52.5% |
| 2019 | China | 24.2% |
| 2020 | China | 23.4% |
| 2021 | China | 29.7% |
| 2022 | China | 31.2% |
| 2023 | China | 33.9% |
| 2024 | China | 35.1% |
Its suppliers
Products with a dominant supplier
Of the 548 products Venezuela buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.
| Product | Supplier | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refined petroleum | United States | 89.5%over 75% | Spain · 2.8% | $2.3 billion |
| Motorcycles | China | 96.1%over 75% | India · 1.7% | $370 million |
| Cameras and broadcast equipment | United States | 59% | China · 31.1% | $312 million |
| Soybean meal and pellets | United States | 99.7%over 75% | Brazil · 0.35% | $297 million |
| Wheat | Canada | 61.5% | United States · 31.9% | $231 million |
| Air conditioners | China | 95.8%over 75% | United States · 2.5% | $224 million |
| Cane and beet sugar | Brazil | 95.9%over 75% | Nicaragua · 4% | $221 million |
| New tires | China | 88.6%over 75% | United States · 5% | $167 million |
| Monitors and projectors | China | 91%over 75% | United States · 7.2% | $162 million |
| Auto parts | China | 57.7% | United States · 26.7% | $160 million |
| Rice | United States | 52.8% | Brazil · 39% | $155 million |
| Polyethylene | United States | 75.2%over 75% | Colombia · 12.4% | $141 million |
| Malt extract and food mixes | Brazil | 93.7%over 75% | Uruguay · 1.7% | $136 million |
| Refrigerators, freezers and heat pumps | China | 82.6%over 75% | United States · 4.7% | $128 million |
| Detergents and surfactants | China | 55.3% | Colombia · 25.5% | $111 million |
| Motorcycle and bicycle parts | China | 76.8%over 75% | United States · 22.1% | $110 million |
| Rubber and plastic footwear | China | 96.7%over 75% | Brazil · 1.8% | $100 million |
| Candy and sweets | Colombia | 79.8%over 75% | Brazil · 8.3% | $91 million |
| Computers | United States | 80.5%over 75% | China · 14% | $83 million |
| Toilet paper and tissues | China | 66.1% | Colombia · 20.4% | $81 million |
| Parts for switchgear | United States | 92.8%over 75% | China · 3.4% | $81 million |
| Pasta | Turkey | 91.2%over 75% | Egypt · 3.1% | $80 million |
| Medical and dental instruments | China | 62.4% | United States · 17.1% | $77 million |
| Air pumps, compressors and fans | China | 63.2% | Italy · 12.4% | $76 million |
| Lamps and light fittings | China | 96.1%over 75% | United States · 0.98% | $76 million |
and 379 more
A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.
Selling: who it relies on
- Largest customer: United States
- 45.2%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 2,527
Concentration index (HHI): 2,527 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 4 customers of the same size
Trend in shares
India went from 0.06% to 14.6% of what Venezuela sells
Share (%)
- United States 45.2%
- India 14.6%
- China 11.5%
- Spain 10.4%
- Brazil 3.4%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest customer | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | United States | 51.5% |
| 1996 | United States | 55.8% |
| 1997 | United States | 55.2% |
| 1998 | United States | 47.2% |
| 1999 | United States | 54.1% |
| 2000 | United States | 56.6% |
| 2001 | United States | 53.5% |
| 2002 | United States | 54.2% |
| 2003 | United States | 52.8% |
| 2004 | United States | 66.1% |
| 2005 | United States | 59.4% |
| 2006 | United States | 57% |
| 2007 | United States | 64.6% |
| 2008 | United States | 46.9% |
| 2009 | United States | 53.3% |
| 2010 | United States | 48.3% |
| 2011 | United States | 46.7% |
| 2012 | United States | 36.5% |
| 2013 | United States | 30.4% |
| 2014 | United States | 43.7% |
| 2015 | United States | 42.5% |
| 2016 | United States | 37% |
| 2017 | United States | 37.7% |
| 2018 | United States | 35.8% |
| 2019 | India | 30.5% |
| 2020 | India | 39.6% |
| 2021 | Cuba | 25.8% |
| 2022 | China | 16.9% |
| 2023 | United States | 49.7% |
| 2024 | United States | 45.2% |
65 of the 85 products Venezuela sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Venezuela sells of that product; in 41, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 53.6% of what Venezuela sells.
| Product | Customer | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude petroleum | United States | 59.9% | India · 17.9% | $9.8 billion |
| Gold | Lebanon | 99.6%over 75% | United States · 0.37% | $319 million |
| Ferrous scrap | Turkey | 74.5% | Italy · 10.4% | $311 million |
| Iron ore | China | 97.8%over 75% | Malaysia · 2.2% | $281 million |
| Nitrogen fertilizers | Brazil | 87.6%over 75% | Colombia · 9.3% | $211 million |
| Asphalt mixtures | China | 82.5%over 75% | Dominican Republic · 11.8% | $132 million |
| Copper scrap | China | 69.4% | India · 24.4% | $124 million |
| Prepared shellfish | United States | 84.8%over 75% | Ukraine · 3.3% | $76 million |
| Aluminum scrap | India | 64.7% | China · 10.8% | $50 million |
| Fresh fish | United States | 84.5%over 75% | France · 11.7% | $34 million |
| Carbon black and other carbon | Brazil | 52.5% | United States · 12.3% | $30 million |
| Semi-finished steel | Colombia | 100%over 75% | — | $23 million |
| Cables and wire | United States | 92.3%over 75% | Colombia · 7.3% | $18 million |
| Batteries | Colombia | 99.9%over 75% | France · 0.06% | $18 million |
| Sawn wood | China | 73.2% | Costa Rica · 8.1% | $17 million |
and 50 more
Concentration compared
The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).
| Rank | Country | HHI |
|---|---|---|
| 37 | Mexico | 2,339 |
| 38 | Marshall Islands | 2,313 |
| 39 | Venezuela | 2,295 |
| 40 | Palestine | 2,244 |
| 41 | Tuvalu | 2,242 |
| 42 | Timor-Leste | 2,223 |
Links
Sources and method
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.
Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.
The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.
Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.
The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.
Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.