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Who does Mexico rely on?

The largest supplier of Mexico in 2024 is the United States, with 43% of what Mexico buys. Its share was 47.3% in 2019 and 74% in 1995. 652 of the 1,093 products Mexico buys for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what Mexico buys of that product; in 264, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 34.7% of what Mexico buys.

Summary

Largest supplier: United States
43%
Concentration (HHI)
2,339
Products with a supplier above 50%
652
Products with a supplier above 75%
264

Concentration index (HHI): 2,339 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 4 suppliers of the same size

Trend

Trend in shares

The United States went from 74% to 43% of what Mexico buys

Share (%)

  • United States 43%
  • China 20.6%
  • Germany 3.5%
  • South Korea 3.5%
  • Japan 2.9%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest supplierShare
1995United States74%
1996United States75%
1997United States74.5%
1998United States74.6%
1999United States74.3%
2000United States73.5%
2001United States67.8%
2002United States64.1%
2003United States62.9%
2004United States59.9%
2005United States55.6%
2006United States52.4%
2007United States52.7%
2008United States50.4%
2009United States49.9%
2010United States50.1%
2011United States51.2%
2012United States51%
2013United States50.7%
2014United States53.4%
2015United States50%
2016United States49%
2017United States48.6%
2018United States48.5%
2019United States47.3%
2020United States46%
2021United States47.2%
2022United States47.6%
2023United States46.4%
2024United States43%

Its suppliers

  1. United States$236.9 billion · 43%
  2. China$113.5 billion · 20.6%
  3. Germany$19.4 billion · 3.5%
  4. South Korea$19.3 billion · 3.5%
  5. Japan$16.1 billion · 2.9%
  6. Taiwan$15.6 billion · 2.8%
  7. Vietnam$13.2 billion · 2.4%
  8. Malaysia$11.6 billion · 2.1%
  9. Canada$9.3 billion · 1.7%
  10. Thailand$9 billion · 1.6%

Products with a dominant supplier

Of the 1,093 products Mexico buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

ProductSupplierShareSecondValue
Auto partsUnited States53.6%China · 13.8%$34 billion
Cameras and broadcast equipmentChina54.4%Vietnam · 7.4%$21.6 billion
Refined petroleumUnited States96.8%over 75%Malaysia · 0.96%$21.2 billion
Natural gas and LPGUnited States98.2%over 75%Canada · 1.3%$7.4 billion
Diesel enginesUnited States89.9%over 75%Hungary · 2.9%$6.6 billion
BatteriesUnited States53.5%China · 14.3%$6.5 billion
Medical and dental instrumentsUnited States69%China · 10.1%$5.1 billion
Parts for switchgearUnited States52.5%China · 20.6%$4.7 billion
Spark-ignition enginesUnited States59.1%Austria · 8.5%$4.3 billion
Plastic packagingUnited States74.5%China · 10.8%$3.9 billion
Parts for broadcast equipmentChina62.3%Vietnam · 7.6%$3.7 billion
Other iron or steel articlesUnited States66.6%China · 10.4%$3.3 billion
Turbojets and gas turbinesUnited States63.9%France · 14.2%$3.3 billion
PorkUnited States83.6%over 75%Canada · 12.8%$3.2 billion
Aluminum sheetChina54.6%United States · 33%$3.2 billion
Centrifuges and filtersUnited States58.6%China · 10.6%$3 billion
Printed circuit boardsChina74.5%South Korea · 6.2%$3 billion
Fragrance mixturesIreland75.7%over 75%United States · 17.1%$3 billion
Vaccines, blood and antiseraUnited States51%Switzerland · 13.2%$2.9 billion
Polyethers, polyesters and epoxy resinsUnited States61.7%China · 9.5%$2.7 billion
PolyethyleneUnited States87.8%over 75%Canada · 7.3%$2.5 billion
Other electrical devicesUnited States52.3%China · 24.4%$2.5 billion
Plastic sheets and filmUnited States56.4%China · 16.6%$2.4 billion
Air conditionersChina61.2%United States · 25.6%$2.3 billion
Industrial fatty acids and oilsUnited States76%over 75%China · 4.6%$2.2 billion

and 627 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Countries that sell more than 50% of some product; the darker, the higher the value of those products.

Selling: who it relies on

Largest customer: United States
76.2%
Concentration (HHI)
5,841

Concentration index (HHI): 5,841 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 2 customers of the same size

Trend in shares

China went from 0.25% to 2% of what Mexico sells

Share (%)

  • United States 76.2%
  • Canada 5%
  • China 2%
  • Germany 1.5%
  • South Korea 1.1%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest customerShare
1995United States77.6%
1996United States78.4%
1997United States80.1%
1998United States81.4%
1999United States81.9%
2000United States82.3%
2001United States81.7%
2002United States82.7%
2003United States81.9%
2004United States80.1%
2005United States79%
2006United States78.8%
2007United States76%
2008United States73%
2009United States74.4%
2010United States73.5%
2011United States71.3%
2012United States70.8%
2013United States70.7%
2014United States72.7%
2015United States75%
2016United States74.5%
2017United States73.2%
2018United States72.7%
2019United States72.6%
2020United States73.5%
2021United States72.8%
2022United States74.1%
2023United States74.8%
2024United States76.2%

727 of the 921 products Mexico sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Mexico sells of that product; in 445, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 73.4% of what Mexico sells.

ProductCustomerShareSecondValue
CarsUnited States73.3%Canada · 8.7%$67.6 billion
ComputersUnited States83.6%over 75%Singapore · 2.7%$52.8 billion
Auto partsUnited States87%over 75%Canada · 3.6%$42 billion
TrucksUnited States86.3%over 75%Canada · 10.2%$37.2 billion
Medical and dental instrumentsUnited States63.1%China · 7.1%$19 billion
Cables and wireUnited States88.1%over 75%Canada · 4.4%$18.8 billion
Cameras and broadcast equipmentUnited States62.4%Canada · 4.6%$14.6 billion
Monitors and projectorsUnited States86%over 75%Canada · 4.9%$12.2 billion
TractorsUnited States87.1%over 75%Canada · 9.5%$11.1 billion
Control panelsUnited States84.5%over 75%Canada · 3.6%$9.9 billion
Seats and chairsUnited States91%over 75%Canada · 6.7%$8.9 billion
Air conditionersUnited States95.1%over 75%Canada · 3.8%$8 billion
Computer and office machine partsUnited States67.6%Ireland · 4.4%$7.5 billion
Transformers and power suppliesUnited States90.5%over 75%Canada · 3.4%$6.9 billion
Refrigerators, freezers and heat pumpsUnited States89.2%over 75%Canada · 4.5%$6.8 billion

and 712 more

Concentration compared

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

RankCountryHHI
35Djibouti2,354
36Cook Islands2,351
37Mexico2,339
38Marshall Islands2,313
39Venezuela2,295
40Palestine2,244

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.