Largest supplier: Mexico: 15.5%
Concentration (HHI): 741
Products with a supplier above 50%: 359
Products with a supplier above 75%: 117

Concentration index (HHI): 741 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 13 suppliers of the same size

Trend

Trend in shares

Japan went from 16.3% to 4.5% of what the United States buys

Share (%)

Mexico 15.5%
China 14.1%
Canada 12.6%
Germany 4.9%
Japan 4.5%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers

Year	Largest supplier	Share
1995	Canada	18.7%
1996	Canada	19%
1997	Canada	18.8%
1998	Canada	18.4%
1999	Canada	18.6%
2000	Canada	18.3%
2001	Canada	18.3%
2002	Canada	17.1%
2003	Canada	16.9%
2004	Canada	16.8%
2005	Canada	16.8%
2006	Canada	15.9%
2007	China	16.2%
2008	China	15.9%
2009	China	19%
2010	China	19.4%
2011	China	18.4%
2012	China	18.9%
2013	China	19.7%
2014	China	20.4%
2015	China	21.6%
2016	China	21.3%
2017	China	21.9%
2018	China	21.8%
2019	China	18.6%
2020	China	19.5%
2021	China	19.1%
2022	China	17.6%
2023	Mexico	15.5%
2024	Mexico	15.5%

Its suppliers

Mexico$491.3 billion · 15.5%
China$448.8 billion · 14.1%
Canada$400 billion · 12.6%
Germany$156.5 billion · 4.9%
Japan$144.2 billion · 4.5%
Vietnam$140.5 billion · 4.4%
South Korea$134.6 billion · 4.2%
Taiwan$112.6 billion · 3.6%
India$88.8 billion · 2.8%
Ireland$88.8 billion · 2.8%

Products with a dominant supplier

Of the 1,192 products the United States buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

Product	Supplier	Share	Second	Value
Crude petroleum	Canada	60.3%	Mexico · 7.4%	$169.7 billion
Trucks	Mexico	75.4%over 75%	Canada · 17%	$42.5 billion
Batteries	China	54.5%	South Korea · 11.8%	$33.2 billion
Cables and wire	Mexico	52.3%	China · 11.8%	$31.6 billion
Toys	China	76.2%over 75%	Vietnam · 8.7%	$18.7 billion
Hormones	Ireland	89.6%over 75%	Argentina · 3.8%	$17.2 billion
Monitors and projectors	Mexico	62.7%	China · 14.5%	$16.7 billion
Tractors	Mexico	63.8%	Germany · 11%	$15.2 billion
Electric heaters and hair dryers	China	55.1%	Mexico · 18.4%	$12.8 billion
Unwrought aluminum	Canada	68.7%	United Arab Emirates · 10.8%	$11.3 billion
Natural gas and LPG	Canada	86.8%over 75%	Nigeria · 5%	$10.3 billion
Video game consoles and games	China	76.4%over 75%	Vietnam · 5.6%	$9.1 billion
Plastic tableware and household items	China	79.7%over 75%	Mexico · 5.5%	$8.6 billion
Refined copper	Chile	69.9%	Canada · 16.6%	$8.5 billion
Sports equipment	China	58%	Taiwan · 11.9%	$8.1 billion
Sawn wood	Canada	71.4%	Germany · 7.5%	$7.8 billion
Beer	Mexico	82.4%over 75%	Netherlands · 9.3%	$7.7 billion
Platinum	South Africa	54%	Russia · 11.9%	$7.4 billion
Rubber and plastic footwear	China	54.5%	Vietnam · 24.6%	$6.7 billion
Home appliances	China	58.2%	Vietnam · 17%	$6.4 billion
Other made-up textiles	China	64.5%	Mexico · 11.7%	$6 billion
Avocados, mangoes, pineapples and dates	Mexico	69.4%	Costa Rica · 14.1%	$5.9 billion
Trailers	Mexico	51.3%	China · 21.5%	$5.8 billion
Festive and Christmas articles	China	89%over 75%	Cambodia · 3.8%	$5.8 billion
Other fresh vegetables	Mexico	67.3%	Canada · 18.8%	$4.9 billion

and 334 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Countries that sell more than 50% of some product; the darker, the higher the value of those products.

Selling: who it relies on

Largest customer: Canada: 13.9%
Concentration (HHI): 560

Concentration index (HHI): 560 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 18 customers of the same size

Trend in shares

Japan went from 11.7% to 4.3% of what the United States sells

Share (%)

Canada 13.9%
Mexico 12.7%
China 8.3%
Germany 4.9%
Japan 4.3%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers

Year	Largest customer	Share
1995	Canada	17.5%
1996	Canada	17.1%
1997	Canada	18.1%
1998	Canada	18.9%
1999	Canada	19.7%
2000	Canada	19.1%
2001	Canada	18.6%
2002	Canada	19.4%
2003	Canada	19.4%
2004	Canada	19.2%
2005	Canada	19.6%
2006	Canada	18.5%
2007	Canada	17.8%
2008	Canada	16.5%
2009	Canada	16.1%
2010	Canada	16.4%
2011	Canada	15.7%
2012	Canada	15.8%
2013	Canada	16.1%
2014	Canada	16.3%
2015	Canada	15.9%
2016	Canada	15.7%
2017	Canada	15.4%
2018	Canada	14.8%
2019	Canada	14.8%
2020	Canada	14.3%
2021	Canada	14.1%
2022	Canada	14%
2023	Canada	14.2%
2024	Canada	13.9%

228 of the 1,177 products the United States sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what the United States sells of that product; in 53, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 6% of what the United States sells.

Product	Customer	Share	Second	Value
Soybeans	China	52.8%	Indonesia · 5.4%	$23.2 billion
Gold	Switzerland	55.7%	Singapore · 8.4%	$22.3 billion
Trucks	Canada	68.5%	Mexico · 9.1%	$21.3 billion
Diesel engines	Mexico	60.3%	Canada · 12.3%	$9.8 billion
Hormones	Italy	64.4%	Germany · 17.4%	$9.3 billion
Precious metal scrap	Canada	70.6%	United Kingdom · 10.9%	$6.2 billion
Tractors	Canada	55.4%	Australia · 11.6%	$5.7 billion
Copper scrap	China	61.2%	Canada · 10.7%	$5.5 billion
Parts for switchgear	Mexico	59.1%	Canada · 5%	$4.2 billion
Trailers	Canada	52.7%	Mexico · 29.7%	$3.8 billion
Bread, biscuits and pastries	Canada	57.2%	Mexico · 13.4%	$2.7 billion
Firewood and wood chips	United Kingdom	59.7%	Japan · 16.7%	$2.7 billion
Alloy steel sheet	Mexico	67.2%	Canada · 24.5%	$2.2 billion
Special-purpose vehicles	Canada	55.6%	Mexico · 11.6%	$2 billion
Toilet paper and tissues	Canada	67.9%	Mexico · 7.8%	$1.8 billion

and 213 more

Concentration compared

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

Rank	Country	HHI
173	Mauritius	748
174	Niger	741
175	United States	741
176	Morocco	720
177	Slovakia	714
178	South Africa	707

Links

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.

Who does the United States rely on?

Summary