How dependent is Pakistan on China?

and 375 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• China sells 39.2% of what the world exports of diodes, transistors and solar cells; next come Malaysia (8.6%), Japan (7.4%) and Vietnam (5.9%). The rest of the world exported 37.3 times what Pakistan buys from China.
• China sells 46.2% of what the world exports of cameras and broadcast equipment; next come Vietnam (13.1%), Taiwan (4.4%) and India (4.3%). The rest of the world exported 187.9 times what Pakistan buys from China.
• China sells 34.6% of what the world exports of transformers and power supplies; next come Germany (7%), Mexico (4.5%) and Japan (3.9%). The rest of the world exported 161.7 times what Pakistan buys from China.
• China sells 28.1% of what the world exports of hot-rolled flat steel; next come Japan (13.9%), South Korea (9%) and Germany (4.5%). The rest of the world exported 112.5 times what Pakistan buys from China.
• China sells 42.8% of what the world exports of synthetic filament yarn; next come India (5.1%), Vietnam (5%) and Turkey (4.1%). The rest of the world exported 25.7 times what Pakistan buys from China.
• China sells 61.9% of what the world exports of synthetic filament fabric; next come Taiwan (4.8%), South Korea (4.5%) and India (3.3%). The rest of the world exported 32.6 times what Pakistan buys from China.
• China sells 27.6% of what the world exports of coated flat steel; next come South Korea (10.3%), Germany (7.2%) and Belgium (4.8%). The rest of the world exported 140.1 times what Pakistan buys from China.
• China sells 5.4% of what the world exports of nuclear reactors and fuel; next come Russia (26%), Sweden (17.8%) and Germany (11.4%). The rest of the world exported 18.5 times what Pakistan buys from China.
• China sells 1.7% of what the world exports of airplanes and helicopters; next come United States (25.2%), France (24.9%) and Germany (15.2%). The rest of the world exported 609.3 times what Pakistan buys from China.
• China sells 50.6% of what the world exports of other knitted fabric; next come Taiwan (6.3%), Turkey (5.8%) and South Korea (5.5%). The rest of the world exported 67.8 times what Pakistan buys from China.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Pakistan is China’s 33rd-largest customer, with 0.49% of its exports.

• Trade between Pakistan and China
• Who does Pakistan rely on?
• Who does China rely on?
• Dependence of Pakistan on Qatar
• Dependence of Pakistan on Saudi Arabia
• Dependence of Pakistan on Indonesia
• Trade profile of Pakistan
• Trade profile of China
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.