How dependent is Pakistan on Indonesia?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Indonesia sells 48.7% of what the world exports of palm oil; next come Malaysia (34.1%), Netherlands (2%) and Thailand (1.9%). The rest of the world exported 9.2 times what Pakistan buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 86.5% of what the world exports of lignite; next come Philippines (4.5%), Russia (3.9%) and Mongolia (1.1%). The rest of the world exported 27.9 times what Pakistan buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 1.6% of what the world exports of newsprint; next come Canada (28.6%), Sweden (12.8%) and Germany (9.3%). The rest of the world exported 170.9 times what Pakistan buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 21.4% of what the world exports of margarine; next come Belgium (9%), Netherlands (7.9%) and Malaysia (6.8%). The rest of the world exported 219.5 times what Pakistan buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 45.6% of what the world exports of cloves; next come Madagascar (34%), Tanzania (4.2%) and Comoros (3.3%). The rest of the world exported 44.5 times what Pakistan buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 1.2% of what the world exports of gelatin capsules and carved articles; next come China (20.8%), Belgium (15.5%) and India (13%). The rest of the world exported 255.8 times what Pakistan buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 3.6% of what the world exports of pulp from recycled paper and other fibers; next come Thailand (31%), Malaysia (15.8%) and China (9.2%). The rest of the world exported 2,481.5 times what Pakistan buys from Indonesia.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Pakistan is Indonesia’s 17th-largest customer, with 1.1% of its exports.

• Trade between Pakistan and Indonesia
• Who does Pakistan rely on?
• Who does Indonesia rely on?
• Dependence of Pakistan on China
• Dependence of Pakistan on Qatar
• Dependence of Pakistan on Saudi Arabia
• Trade profile of Pakistan
• Trade profile of Indonesia
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.