Summary
- Largest supplier: China
- 48.3%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 2,470
- Products with a supplier above 50%
- 455
- Products with a supplier above 75%
- 281
Concentration index (HHI): 2,470 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 4 suppliers of the same size
Trend
Trend in shares
China went from 4% to 48.3% of what Ghana buys
Share (%)
- China 48.3%
- India 6.3%
- Netherlands 6.1%
- United States 4.3%
- Belgium 3%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest supplier | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | United Kingdom | 19.5% |
| 1996 | United Kingdom | 15.3% |
| 1997 | United Kingdom | 13.7% |
| 1998 | United Kingdom | 10.7% |
| 1999 | United Kingdom | 9.4% |
| 2000 | Nigeria | 9.6% |
| 2001 | Nigeria | 9.7% |
| 2002 | United Kingdom | 7.6% |
| 2003 | Nigeria | 14.5% |
| 2004 | China | 13.4% |
| 2005 | Nigeria | 9.6% |
| 2006 | China | 10.2% |
| 2007 | China | 11.1% |
| 2008 | China | 11.7% |
| 2009 | China | 12.7% |
| 2010 | China | 12.8% |
| 2011 | China | 16.2% |
| 2012 | China | 18.7% |
| 2013 | China | 17.4% |
| 2014 | China | 16.4% |
| 2015 | China | 19.9% |
| 2016 | China | 19.3% |
| 2017 | China | 20.4% |
| 2018 | China | 20.6% |
| 2019 | Nigeria | 23.6% |
| 2020 | China | 40.6% |
| 2021 | China | 24.3% |
| 2022 | China | 21.2% |
| 2023 | China | 23.7% |
| 2024 | China | 48.3% |
Its suppliers
Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.
Products with a dominant supplier
Of the 649 products Ghana buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.
| Product | Supplier | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refined petroleum | Netherlands | 55.5% | Belgium · 22.3% | $1.5 billion |
| Bulldozers and excavators | China | 61.7% | India · 25.7% | $612 million |
| Trucks | China | 50.6% | South Africa · 14% | $333 million |
| Medicines in measured doses or retail packs | India | 65.7% | United Kingdom · 7.3% | $303 million |
| Coated flat steel | China | 94%over 75% | Spain · 2.7% | $301 million |
| Rubber and plastic footwear | China | 99.1%over 75% | Turkey · 0.28% | $281 million |
| Pesticides and herbicides | China | 86.8%over 75% | India · 2.6% | $242 million |
| Auto parts | China | 67.2% | South Korea · 7.1% | $222 million |
| New tires | China | 80.9%over 75% | Japan · 6.2% | $221 million |
| Motorcycles | China | 91.5%over 75% | India · 5.4% | $219 million |
| Wigs | China | 90.3%over 75% | Togo · 8.7% | $216 million |
| Furniture | China | 79.3%over 75% | Italy · 4.1% | $212 million |
| Cement | Egypt | 60% | Pakistan · 10.6% | $204 million |
| Liquid pumps | China | 68.8% | South Africa · 7% | $203 million |
| Parts for cranes and excavators | China | 52.4% | Sweden · 6.8% | $201 million |
| Cables and wire | China | 73% | India · 10% | $201 million |
| Bags, suitcases and cases | China | 97.8%over 75% | South Korea · 0.47% | $194 million |
| Motorcycle and bicycle parts | China | 96.9%over 75% | India · 1.5% | $190 million |
| Steel structures | China | 57.5% | Thailand · 11.1% | $188 million |
| Sorting and crushing machines | China | 51.9% | India · 15.1% | $186 million |
| Tea | China | 87.6%over 75% | India · 7.7% | $176 million |
| Lamps and light fittings | China | 94.3%over 75% | Italy · 1.1% | $173 million |
| Wheat | Canada | 71.3% | Lithuania · 10% | $158 million |
| Plastic tableware and household items | China | 55.9% | United States · 20.8% | $157 million |
| Lightweight cotton fabric | China | 69.3% | India · 27.1% | $153 million |
and 430 more
A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.
Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.
Selling: who it relies on
- Largest customer: Switzerland
- 26.7%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 1,134
Concentration index (HHI): 1,134 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 9 customers of the same size
Trend in shares
Switzerland went from 2% to 26.7% of what Ghana sells
Share (%)
- Switzerland 26.7%
- China 12.5%
- India 10.6%
- United States 7.5%
- Netherlands 4.5%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest customer | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | United Kingdom | 17.6% |
| 1996 | Switzerland | 24.3% |
| 1997 | United Kingdom | 20% |
| 1998 | United Kingdom | 15.7% |
| 1999 | United Kingdom | 14.2% |
| 2000 | United Kingdom | 19.2% |
| 2001 | United Kingdom | 18.3% |
| 2002 | United Kingdom | 18.5% |
| 2003 | United Kingdom | 16.3% |
| 2004 | United Kingdom | 16% |
| 2005 | South Africa | 19.5% |
| 2006 | South Africa | 22.4% |
| 2007 | South Africa | 25.4% |
| 2008 | South Africa | 25.5% |
| 2009 | South Africa | 34.9% |
| 2010 | South Africa | 35.2% |
| 2011 | South Africa | 20.1% |
| 2012 | South Africa | 24.3% |
| 2013 | South Africa | 17.3% |
| 2014 | Switzerland | 16.6% |
| 2015 | India | 22.3% |
| 2016 | Switzerland | 25.9% |
| 2017 | India | 30.1% |
| 2018 | India | 26.9% |
| 2019 | Switzerland | 21.8% |
| 2020 | Switzerland | 22% |
| 2021 | Switzerland | 22% |
| 2022 | Switzerland | 22.2% |
| 2023 | Switzerland | 23.7% |
| 2024 | Switzerland | 26.7% |
102 of the 161 products Ghana sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Ghana sells of that product; in 53, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 38.4% of what Ghana sells.
| Product | Customer | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold | Switzerland | 70.6% | India · 18.8% | $5.9 billion |
| Manganese ore | China | 96%over 75% | Ukraine · 3.3% | $556 million |
| Refined petroleum | Burkina Faso | 86%over 75% | Singapore · 13.5% | $245 million |
| Coconuts, Brazil nuts and cashews | India | 85.5%over 75% | United States · 2.3% | $214 million |
| Electricity | Burkina Faso | 78.2%over 75% | Togo · 21.8% | $187 million |
| Unwrought aluminum | Italy | 61.3% | Netherlands · 20% | $129 million |
| Ceramic tiles | Côte d'Ivoire | 58% | Burkina Faso · 21.2% | $127 million |
| Bauxite (aluminum ore) | China | 81.4%over 75% | India · 16.1% | $121 million |
| Bananas | France | 62.6% | United Kingdom · 18.5% | $98 million |
| Natural gas and LPG | Burkina Faso | 58.7% | Senegal · 28.8% | $86 million |
| Unwrought lead | United States | 56.9% | Turkey · 29.8% | $60 million |
| Toilet paper and tissues | Côte d'Ivoire | 83.2%over 75% | Peru · 10.1% | $47 million |
| Logs | India | 82.9%over 75% | China · 15.8% | $46 million |
| Plastic pipes and hoses | Benin | 58.8% | Burkina Faso · 23.8% | $39 million |
| Aluminum scrap | India | 68.1% | South Korea · 9.4% | $39 million |
and 87 more
Concentration compared
The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).
| Rank | Country | HHI |
|---|---|---|
| 31 | South Sudan | 2,541 |
| 32 | Eritrea | 2,476 |
| 33 | Ghana | 2,470 |
| 34 | São Tomé and Principe | 2,426 |
| 35 | Djibouti | 2,354 |
| 36 | Cook Islands | 2,351 |
Links
Sources and method
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.
Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.
The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.
Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.
The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.
Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.