How dependent is Germany on China?

and 23 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• China sells 46.2% of what the world exports of cameras and broadcast equipment; next come Vietnam (13.1%), Taiwan (4.4%) and India (4.3%). The rest of the world exported 23.9 times what Germany buys from China.
• China sells 50.8% of what the world exports of batteries; next come South Korea (6.1%), United States (5.4%) and Poland (5.4%). The rest of the world exported 5 times what Germany buys from China.
• China sells 38.7% of what the world exports of computers; next come Taiwan (14.2%), Mexico (12.6%) and Vietnam (7%). The rest of the world exported 18.4 times what Germany buys from China.
• China sells 45.9% of what the world exports of microphones and speakers; next come Vietnam (17.2%), Mexico (4.5%) and United States (3.2%). The rest of the world exported 12.9 times what Germany buys from China.
• China sells 59.2% of what the world exports of lamps and light fittings; next come Mexico (4%), Italy (3.6%) and United States (2.1%). The rest of the world exported 9.5 times what Germany buys from China.
• China sells 51.3% of what the world exports of vacuum cleaners; next come Vietnam (8.2%), Mexico (7.2%) and Sweden (2.7%). The rest of the world exported 8.8 times what Germany buys from China.
• China sells 45.7% of what the world exports of magnets and electromagnets; next come Japan (8.5%), Vietnam (3.6%) and United States (3.6%). The rest of the world exported 7.2 times what Germany buys from China.
• China sells 69.1% of what the world exports of steel kitchenware and household articles; next come India (4.2%), France (2.8%) and Italy (2.6%). The rest of the world exported 7.1 times what Germany buys from China.
• China sells 46.5% of what the world exports of plastic floor and wall coverings; next come Vietnam (14.1%), South Korea (6.6%) and Belgium (4.8%). The rest of the world exported 15.8 times what Germany buys from China.
• China sells 40.4% of what the world exports of vitamins; next come Switzerland (10.6%), Netherlands (6.5%) and United States (6%). The rest of the world exported 12.7 times what Germany buys from China.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Germany is China’s 4th-largest customer, with 4.5% of its exports.

• Trade between Germany and China
• Who does Germany rely on?
• Who does China rely on?
• Dependence of Germany on Norway
• Dependence of Germany on the Netherlands
• Dependence of Germany on the United States
• Dependence of Germany on Poland
• Dependence of Germany on Ireland
• Dependence of Germany on Switzerland
• Dependence of Germany on Spain
• Dependence of Germany on Italy
• Dependence of Germany on Bulgaria
• Dependence of Germany on Denmark
• Trade profile of Germany
• Trade profile of China
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.