How dependent is Germany on Italy?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Italy sells 28.2% of what the world exports of pasta; next come South Korea (9%), China (7.6%) and Turkey (5.7%). The rest of the world exported 16.4 times what Germany buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 39.6% of what the world exports of tomato preserves; next come China (17.1%), United States (8%) and Spain (7.6%). The rest of the world exported 8.9 times what Germany buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 18.8% of what the world exports of olive oil; next come Spain (43.3%), Tunisia (10%) and Portugal (9.8%). The rest of the world exported 34.2 times what Germany buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 42.8% of what the world exports of vinegar; next come United States (9.8%), Spain (6.9%) and France (4.7%). The rest of the world exported 8.6 times what Germany buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 5.8% of what the world exports of mixed alkylbenzenes; next come Saudi Arabia (21.9%), United States (9.7%) and Canada (8.6%). The rest of the world exported 39.9 times what Germany buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 49.7% of what the world exports of combed wool fabric; next come China (11.6%), United Kingdom (6.5%) and Japan (4%). The rest of the world exported 16.8 times what Germany buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 16.9% of what the world exports of artificial filament fabric; next come China (36.9%), Japan (10.6%) and Turkey (5.8%). The rest of the world exported 30.6 times what Germany buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 49.7% of what the world exports of wool fabrics; next come China (14.9%), United Kingdom (8.8%) and Japan (3.4%). The rest of the world exported 24.1 times what Germany buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 18.2% of what the world exports of fabricated asbestos fibers and articles thereof; next come China (26.6%), India (7.3%) and United States (6.4%). The rest of the world exported 10.1 times what Germany buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 25.3% of what the world exports of leather processing machines; next come China (43.9%), Taiwan (8.5%) and South Korea (4.3%). The rest of the world exported 97.7 times what Germany buys from Italy.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Germany is Italy’s 2nd-largest customer, with 10.5% of its exports.

• Trade between Germany and Italy
• Who does Germany rely on?
• Who does Italy rely on?
• Dependence of Germany on China
• Dependence of Germany on Norway
• Dependence of Germany on the Netherlands
• Dependence of Germany on the United States
• Dependence of Germany on Poland
• Dependence of Germany on Ireland
• Dependence of Germany on Switzerland
• Dependence of Germany on Spain
• Dependence of Germany on Bulgaria
• Dependence of Germany on Denmark
• Trade profile of Germany
• Trade profile of Italy
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.