Largest supplier: Germany: 33.2%
Concentration (HHI): 1,328
Products with a supplier above 50%: 348
Products with a supplier above 75%: 56

Concentration index (HHI): 1,328 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 8 suppliers of the same size

Trend

Trend in shares

Germany went from 43.1% to 33.2% of what Austria buys

Share (%)

Germany 33.2%
China 8.1%
Italy 6.6%
Czechia 4.5%
Switzerland 4%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers

Year	Largest supplier	Share
1995	Germany	43.1%
1996	Germany	42.4%
1997	Germany	40.8%
1998	Germany	41.5%
1999	Germany	41.7%
2000	Germany	40.3%
2001	Germany	40.6%
2002	Germany	40.6%
2003	Germany	41%
2004	Germany	42.4%
2005	Germany	42.8%
2006	Germany	42.9%
2007	Germany	41.8%
2008	Germany	41.3%
2009	Germany	41.3%
2010	Germany	40.3%
2011	Germany	39.1%
2012	Germany	38.6%
2013	Germany	38.5%
2014	Germany	37.7%
2015	Germany	37.9%
2016	Germany	38.2%
2017	Germany	37.6%
2018	Germany	36.9%
2019	Germany	35.9%
2020	Germany	35.9%
2021	Germany	34.8%
2022	Germany	34.4%
2023	Germany	33.4%
2024	Germany	33.2%

Its suppliers

Germany$66.7 billion · 33.2%
China$16.3 billion · 8.1%
Italy$13.2 billion · 6.6%
Czechia$9 billion · 4.5%
Switzerland$8.1 billion · 4%
United States$7.7 billion · 3.9%
Poland$6.7 billion · 3.3%
Netherlands$6.1 billion · 3.1%
France$5.6 billion · 2.8%
Hungary$5.2 billion · 2.6%

Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.

Products with a dominant supplier

Of the 1,089 products Austria buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

Product	Supplier	Share	Second	Value
Refined petroleum	Germany	66.8%	Italy · 10.8%	$4.8 billion
Crude petroleum	Kazakhstan	58.1%	Libya · 14.7%	$4.7 billion
Engine parts	Germany	56.2%	Italy · 7.8%	$1.8 billion
Gold	Switzerland	66.3%	Germany · 29.2%	$1.7 billion
Transmission shafts, gears and gearboxes	Germany	53.8%	Italy · 10.3%	$1.2 billion
Valves and taps	Germany	50.3%	Italy · 9.5%	$1.2 billion
Bread, biscuits and pastries	Germany	60.5%	Italy · 11.6%	$1.1 billion
Other food preparations	Germany	52.8%	Netherlands · 8.9%	$982 million
Centrifuges and filters	Germany	50.1%	Czechia · 5.8%	$817 million
Cheese	Germany	51.1%	Italy · 17.8%	$813 million
Pet and animal feed	Germany	50.4%	Switzerland · 13.8%	$777 million
Chocolate	Germany	57.5%	Italy · 7.7%	$735 million
Hormones	Switzerland	90.3%over 75%	France · 2.6%	$716 million
Jewelry	France	53%	Switzerland · 12.7%	$671 million
Airplanes and helicopters	United States	59.3%	Germany · 15%	$646 million
Machine tool parts	Germany	58.6%	Italy · 8%	$638 million
Makeup and skin care	Germany	52.3%	Italy · 8.5%	$634 million
Plastic pipes and hoses	Germany	52.7%	Italy · 7.8%	$569 million
Unrefined copper	Slovakia	99.9%over 75%	Germany · 0.07%	$555 million
Dishwashers and packing machines	Germany	51.4%	Italy · 15.7%	$548 million
Aluminum scrap	Germany	61.6%	Poland · 6.5%	$536 million
Trailers	Germany	57.9%	Poland · 6%	$504 million
Copper wire	Germany	73.6%	Poland · 10%	$500 million
Other plastic sheets	Germany	50.8%	Italy · 9%	$497 million
Books and brochures	Germany	70.2%	Czechia · 9.4%	$470 million

and 323 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Countries that sell more than 50% of some product; the darker, the higher the value of those products.

Selling: who it relies on

Largest customer: Germany: 26.3%
Concentration (HHI): 944

Concentration index (HHI): 944 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 11 customers of the same size

Trend in shares

Germany went from 33.4% to 26.3% of what Austria sells

Share (%)

Germany 26.3%
United States 8.9%
Italy 6.5%
Switzerland 5.5%
Hungary 4.4%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers

Year	Largest customer	Share
1995	Germany	33.4%
1996	Germany	33.3%
1997	Germany	30.6%
1998	Germany	32.3%
1999	Germany	31.7%
2000	Germany	29.7%
2001	Germany	29.2%
2002	Germany	29.6%
2003	Germany	27.9%
2004	Germany	28.4%
2005	Germany	30.8%
2006	Germany	31.5%
2007	Germany	27.9%
2008	Germany	28.8%
2009	Germany	29%
2010	Germany	29.6%
2011	Germany	29.1%
2012	Germany	28.4%
2013	Germany	28%
2014	Germany	27.4%
2015	Germany	27.5%
2016	Germany	27.8%
2017	Germany	27.7%
2018	Germany	27.1%
2019	Germany	26.3%
2020	Germany	27.5%
2021	Germany	27.1%
2022	Germany	26.4%
2023	Germany	25.7%
2024	Germany	26.3%

206 of the 1,008 products Austria sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Austria sells of that product; in 43, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 6.6% of what Austria sells.

Product	Customer	Share	Second	Value
Trucks	Germany	64.5%	United Kingdom · 8.2%	$1.9 billion
Gold	Germany	51.8%	United Kingdom · 27.3%	$1.8 billion
Coated flat steel	Germany	55.9%	Italy · 6.9%	$1.5 billion
Diesel engines	Germany	55.8%	United States · 27%	$1.4 billion
Cheese	Germany	52.9%	Italy · 6.1%	$1 billion
Railway parts	Germany	50.9%	Czechia · 6.7%	$969 million
Ball and roller bearings	Germany	55.4%	United States · 6.6%	$817 million
Unwrought aluminum	Germany	62.8%	Hungary · 11.1%	$582 million
Ferrous scrap	Italy	51.3%	Germany · 22.7%	$552 million
Aluminum bars and profiles	Germany	53.7%	Switzerland · 7.4%	$550 million
Precious metal scrap	Germany	65.4%	Switzerland · 28.5%	$509 million
Fresh milk and cream	Germany	61.7%	Italy · 27.7%	$461 million
Sausages	Germany	70.9%	Italy · 7%	$408 million
Copper scrap	Germany	62.6%	Slovakia · 7.3%	$405 million
Motor and generator parts	Germany	52%	Bosnia and Herzegovina · 10.4%	$391 million

and 191 more

Leaving out trade within the EU

Largest supplier outside the EU: China: 26%
Concentration (HHI) · Supplier: 1,101
Largest customer outside the EU: United States: 24.3%
Concentration (HHI) · Customer: 1,021

440 of the 871 products Austria buys from outside the EU for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what Austria buys of that product; in 166, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 33.9% of what Austria buys from outside the EU.

Who does the European Union rely on?

Concentration compared

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

Rank	Country	HHI
100	Portugal	1,359
101	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1,345
102	Austria	1,328
103	Peru	1,327
104	Gabon	1,317
105	Indonesia	1,307

Links

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.

Who does Austria rely on?

Summary