Who does Estonia rely on?

1. Germany$2.4 billion · 10.9%
2. China$2.3 billion · 10.5%
3. Finland$2.1 billion · 9.5%
4. Lithuania$1.4 billion · 6.6%
5. Poland$1.4 billion · 6.4%
6. Latvia$1.2 billion · 5.7%
7. Sweden$1.1 billion · 5.1%
8. United States$843 million · 3.9%
9. Italy$676 million · 3.1%
10. Netherlands$599 million · 2.8%

Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.

Of the 765 products Estonia buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

and 151 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Largest customer: Finland

12.5%

Concentration (HHI)

538

Concentration index (HHI): 538 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 19 customers of the same size

198 of the 633 products Estonia sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Estonia sells of that product; in 69, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 13.6% of what Estonia sells.

and 183 more

Largest supplier outside the EU: China

29.8%

Concentration (HHI) · Supplier

1,182

Largest customer outside the EU: United States

15.3%

Concentration (HHI) · Customer

728

312 of the 521 products Estonia buys from outside the EU for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what Estonia buys of that product; in 129, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 45.2% of what Estonia buys from outside the EU.

Who does the European Union rely on?

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

• Trade profile of Estonia
• Trade between Estonia and China
• Trade between Estonia and Finland
• Trade between Estonia and Germany
• Trade between Estonia and Latvia
• Trade between Estonia and Lithuania
• Trade between Estonia and the Netherlands
• Trade between Estonia and Poland
• Trade between Estonia and Sweden
• Trade between Estonia and the United States
• Dependence of Estonia on China
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.