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Who does Hungary rely on?

The largest supplier of Hungary in 2024 is Germany, with 22.4% of what Hungary buys. Its share was 24.7% in 2019 and 23.8% in 1995. 212 of the 1,005 products Hungary buys for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what Hungary buys of that product; in 47, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 10.9% of what Hungary buys.

Summary

Largest supplier: Germany
22.4%
Concentration (HHI)
802
Products with a supplier above 50%
212
Products with a supplier above 75%
47

Concentration index (HHI): 802 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 12 suppliers of the same size

Trend

Trend in shares

China went from 1.4% to 7.1% of what Hungary buys

Share (%)

  • Germany 22.4%
  • China 7.1%
  • Poland 6%
  • Slovakia 5.9%
  • Austria 5.8%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest supplierShare
1995Germany23.8%
1996Germany23.8%
1997Germany26.5%
1998Germany28.2%
1999Germany29%
2000Germany25.7%
2001Germany24.7%
2002Germany24.3%
2003Germany24.3%
2004Germany28.3%
2005Germany26.4%
2006Germany26%
2007Germany25%
2008Germany23.8%
2009Germany22.2%
2010Germany22%
2011Germany22.2%
2012Germany22.5%
2013Germany23.4%
2014Germany24.6%
2015Germany25.6%
2016Germany26.8%
2017Germany25.7%
2018Germany25.2%
2019Germany24.7%
2020Germany24.1%
2021Germany23%
2022Germany21.1%
2023Germany23.2%
2024Germany22.4%

Its suppliers

  1. Germany$32.8 billion · 22.4%
  2. China$10.4 billion · 7.1%
  3. Poland$8.8 billion · 6%
  4. Slovakia$8.7 billion · 5.9%
  5. Austria$8.4 billion · 5.8%
  6. Czechia$8.2 billion · 5.6%
  7. Netherlands$7.1 billion · 4.9%
  8. Italy$5.8 billion · 4%
  9. South Korea$5.8 billion · 4%
  10. Russia$5.5 billion · 3.8%

Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.

Products with a dominant supplier

Of the 1,005 products Hungary buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

ProductSupplierShareSecondValue
Natural gas and LPGRussia77.3%over 75%Serbia · 8.2%$3.8 billion
Crude petroleumRussia80.3%over 75%Slovakia · 12.9%$2.9 billion
Airplanes and helicoptersGermany86.5%over 75%China · 6.2%$2.3 billion
Industrial fatty acids and oilsSouth Korea78.9%over 75%Germany · 4.1%$2.2 billion
Diodes, transistors and solar cellsGermany53.6%China · 11.6%$1.3 billion
Phones and telecom equipmentChina68.1%Netherlands · 13.4%$924 million
Parts for broadcast equipmentChina68.6%Taiwan · 10.1%$508 million
Spark-ignition enginesGermany61%Japan · 35.9%$402 million
CheeseGermany51.9%Poland · 13.7%$395 million
TrailersGermany51.3%China · 7.4%$363 million
Chromates, permanganates and other metal saltsSouth Korea94.3%over 75%United States · 5.5%$299 million
Artificial graphiteChina83.5%over 75%Austria · 8.8%$290 million
CementSlovakia61.1%Romania · 15.2%$287 million
Glands, heparin and organ extractsSingapore93%over 75%France · 4.9%$232 million
Copper foilMalaysia57%South Korea · 36.6%$205 million
Cigarettes and cigarsPoland56.1%Romania · 26.7%$197 million
Nitrogen fertilizersSlovakia50.8%Slovenia · 9.9%$193 million
ResistorsGermany59.5%Netherlands · 8.6%$186 million
AminesCzechia66.6%Belgium · 15.8%$179 million
Electric and laser welding machinesGermany51.9%China · 14.7%$178 million
Brooms, brushes and paintbrushesGermany57.7%Poland · 10.9%$173 million
Copper scrapGermany50.6%Romania · 17.5%$172 million
Steel springsGermany50.5%Austria · 11%$172 million
Electric shavers and hair clippersGermany62.8%Poland · 17.1%$168 million
Machine tool partsGermany52.8%Austria · 6.1%$163 million

and 187 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.

Countries that sell more than 50% of some product; the darker, the higher the value of those products.

Selling: who it relies on

Largest customer: Germany
23.4%
Concentration (HHI)
807

Concentration index (HHI): 807 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 12 customers of the same size

Trend in shares

Germany went from 31.1% to 23.4% of what Hungary sells

Share (%)

  • Germany 23.4%
  • United States 7.6%
  • Romania 5.9%
  • Italy 5%
  • Slovakia 4.5%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest customerShare
1995Germany31.1%
1996Germany30.5%
1997Germany31.3%
1998Germany33.9%
1999Germany36.2%
2000Germany32.3%
2001Germany32.5%
2002Germany32.9%
2003Germany31.8%
2004Germany29.4%
2005Germany29.4%
2006Germany28.1%
2007Germany25.2%
2008Germany24.7%
2009Germany25%
2010Germany23.8%
2011Germany24.2%
2012Germany24.8%
2013Germany25.4%
2014Germany27.3%
2015Germany26.6%
2016Germany26.6%
2017Germany26.7%
2018Germany26.4%
2019Germany26%
2020Germany26.6%
2021Germany25.7%
2022Germany24.1%
2023Germany25.2%
2024Germany23.4%

172 of the 874 products Hungary sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Hungary sells of that product; in 44, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 5.2% of what Hungary sells.

ProductCustomerShareSecondValue
Transformers and power suppliesGermany50.6%China · 12.8%$2.7 billion
Electric motors and generatorsGermany55.8%Belgium · 5%$2.3 billion
Parts for broadcast equipmentGermany77.6%over 75%Mexico · 5.9%$1.2 billion
WheatItaly50.7%Germany · 17.4%$830 million
Diodes, transistors and solar cellsGermany53.2%Singapore · 8.9%$670 million
Home appliancesGermany59.2%United Kingdom · 4%$636 million
Natural gas and LPGSerbia52.8%Ukraine · 29.4%$406 million
Vacuum cleanersGermany50.5%France · 12.3%$397 million
MotorcyclesGermany61.8%France · 12%$380 million
Radio receiversUnited States61.6%Germany · 18.3%$358 million
Air conditionersGermany50.2%Czechia · 7.9%$225 million
Electric shavers and hair clippersGermany69.2%Romania · 5.5%$202 million
Passenger rail coachesEgypt75.9%over 75%Switzerland · 9.9%$176 million
Aircraft partsGermany76%over 75%France · 3.1%$171 million
Copper foilPoland56.1%United States · 33.3%$166 million

and 157 more

Leaving out trade within the EU

Largest supplier outside the EU: China
23.9%
Concentration (HHI) · Supplier
1,075
Largest customer outside the EU: United States
24.7%
Concentration (HHI) · Customer
993

372 of the 688 products Hungary buys from outside the EU for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what Hungary buys of that product; in 166, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 39% of what Hungary buys from outside the EU.

Who does the European Union rely on?

Concentration compared

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

RankCountryHHI
160Uganda810
161Cyprus804
162Hungary802
163Saudi Arabia798
164Azerbaijan798
165Malawi797

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.