Summary
- Largest supplier: South Africa
- 79.3%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 6,365
- Products with a supplier above 50%
- 300
- Products with a supplier above 75%
- 264
Concentration index (HHI): 6,365 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 2 suppliers of the same size
Trend
Trend in shares
South Africa went from 0% to 79.3% of what Eswatini buys
Share (%)
- South Africa 79.3%
- Guyana 8.1%
- China 2.4%
- United States 2%
- Germany 0.96%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest supplier | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | — | — |
| 1996 | — | — |
| 1997 | — | — |
| 1998 | — | — |
| 1999 | — | — |
| 2000 | South Africa | 83.7% |
| 2001 | South Africa | 72% |
| 2002 | South Africa | 73.9% |
| 2003 | South Africa | 74.1% |
| 2004 | South Africa | 81.5% |
| 2005 | South Africa | 74.5% |
| 2006 | South Africa | 70.3% |
| 2007 | South Africa | 72.3% |
| 2008 | South Africa | 74.9% |
| 2009 | South Africa | 75.8% |
| 2010 | South Africa | 74.9% |
| 2011 | South Africa | 76.2% |
| 2012 | South Africa | 77.3% |
| 2013 | South Africa | 80.5% |
| 2014 | South Africa | 72.3% |
| 2015 | South Africa | 73.1% |
| 2016 | South Africa | 73% |
| 2017 | South Africa | 73.4% |
| 2018 | South Africa | 67% |
| 2019 | South Africa | 66.1% |
| 2020 | South Africa | 69% |
| 2021 | South Africa | 69.5% |
| 2022 | South Africa | 64.6% |
| 2023 | South Africa | 70.2% |
| 2024 | South Africa | 79.3% |
Its suppliers
Products with a dominant supplier
Of the 308 products Eswatini buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.
| Product | Supplier | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refined petroleum | South Africa | 99.1%over 75% | China · 0.78% | $238 million |
| Crude petroleum | Guyana | 100%over 75% | South Africa · 0% | $172 million |
| Electricity | South Africa | 91.4%over 75% | Mozambique · 8.6% | $90 million |
| Trucks | South Africa | 79.8%over 75% | India · 17.8% | $49 million |
| Corn | South Africa | 99.4%over 75% | Zambia · 0.57% | $45 million |
| Rice | South Africa | 93.2%over 75% | Taiwan · 6.7% | $28 million |
| Cars | South Africa | 91.3%over 75% | Japan · 5% | $24 million |
| Furniture | Italy | 53.1% | South Africa · 43.2% | $23 million |
| Cement | South Africa | 63% | Mozambique · 37.1% | $23 million |
| Medicines in measured doses or retail packs | South Africa | 66.9% | India · 14.2% | $22 million |
| Soft drinks | South Africa | 100%over 75% | United Kingdom · 0% | $21 million |
| Wheat | South Africa | 100%over 75% | — | $21 million |
| Plastic packaging | South Africa | 99.1%over 75% | Germany · 0.19% | $20 million |
| Auto parts | South Africa | 99.3%over 75% | China · 0.6% | $19 million |
| Soybean meal and pellets | South Africa | 100%over 75% | — | $19 million |
| Paper boxes and packaging | South Africa | 98.5%over 75% | Lesotho · 1.3% | $18 million |
| Coated flat steel | South Africa | 92.9%over 75% | China · 7.1% | $16 million |
| Plastic pipes and hoses | South Africa | 99.7%over 75% | China · 0.12% | $16 million |
| Pesticides and herbicides | South Africa | 98.5%over 75% | China · 1.5% | $15 million |
| Cables and wire | South Africa | 93.4%over 75% | China · 5.2% | $13 million |
| Toilet paper and tissues | South Africa | 99.2%over 75% | Taiwan · 0.71% | $13 million |
| Other plastic articles | South Africa | 67.9% | Belgium · 10.9% | $13 million |
| Breakfast cereals | South Africa | 100%over 75% | South Korea · 0% | $13 million |
| Ginger, saffron, turmeric and other spices | South Africa | 100%over 75% | Israel · 0.01% | $13 million |
| Mixed fertilizers | South Africa | 98.8%over 75% | Zambia · 0.85% | $12 million |
and 275 more
A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.
Selling: who it relies on
- Largest customer: South Africa
- 68.5%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 4,759
Concentration index (HHI): 4,759 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 2 customers of the same size
Trend in shares
South Africa went from 0% to 68.5% of what Eswatini sells
Share (%)
- South Africa 68.5%
- Kenya 4.3%
- Nigeria 3.9%
- Mozambique 2.8%
- Zimbabwe 2.4%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest customer | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | — | — |
| 1996 | — | — |
| 1997 | — | — |
| 1998 | — | — |
| 1999 | — | — |
| 2000 | South Africa | 51.7% |
| 2001 | South Africa | 31.9% |
| 2002 | Côte d'Ivoire | 32.6% |
| 2003 | Taiwan | 27.5% |
| 2004 | South Africa | 45.7% |
| 2005 | South Africa | 30.1% |
| 2006 | South Africa | 25.7% |
| 2007 | South Africa | 44.5% |
| 2008 | South Africa | 36.7% |
| 2009 | South Africa | 34% |
| 2010 | South Africa | 43% |
| 2011 | South Africa | 46.9% |
| 2012 | South Africa | 50.5% |
| 2013 | South Africa | 50.2% |
| 2014 | South Africa | 48.1% |
| 2015 | South Africa | 56% |
| 2016 | South Africa | 57.4% |
| 2017 | South Africa | 59.5% |
| 2018 | South Africa | 57.2% |
| 2019 | Nigeria | 43.2% |
| 2020 | South Africa | 56.2% |
| 2021 | South Africa | 56.4% |
| 2022 | South Africa | 60.7% |
| 2023 | South Africa | 53.9% |
| 2024 | South Africa | 68.5% |
81 of the 93 products Eswatini sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Eswatini sells of that product; in 60, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 69.5% of what Eswatini sells.
| Product | Customer | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fragrance mixtures | South Africa | 56.3% | Kenya · 13.2% | $631 million |
| Cane and beet sugar | South Africa | 71.8% | Italy · 8% | $342 million |
| Industrial fatty acids and oils | South Africa | 70% | Nigeria · 10.5% | $270 million |
| Coal | South Africa | 87.8%over 75% | Senegal · 12.2% | $88 million |
| Sawn wood | South Africa | 88.8%over 75% | Mozambique · 5.4% | $82 million |
| Women's suits and dresses | South Africa | 95.1%over 75% | Poland · 0.95% | $64 million |
| Men's suits and trousers | South Africa | 96.4%over 75% | United Kingdom · 2.1% | $62 million |
| Other sugars | South Africa | 84%over 75% | Kenya · 4.1% | $47 million |
| Candy and sweets | South Africa | 97%over 75% | Mozambique · 2.6% | $43 million |
| Pasta | South Africa | 85.3%over 75% | Zimbabwe · 14.4% | $40 million |
| Firewood and wood chips | South Africa | 100%over 75% | Montenegro · 0% | $39 million |
| Refrigerators, freezers and heat pumps | South Africa | 93.4%over 75% | Mozambique · 2.5% | $22 million |
| Kraft paper and paperboard | South Africa | 100%over 75% | — | $20 million |
| Packing sacks and bags | South Africa | 98.5%over 75% | Mozambique · 1.5% | $18 million |
| Pet and animal feed | South Africa | 95.4%over 75% | Mozambique · 4.6% | $18 million |
and 66 more
Concentration compared
The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).
| Rank | Country | HHI |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Bhutan | 6,747 |
| 3 | Saint Barthélemy | 6,601 |
| 4 | Eswatini | 6,365 |
| 5 | Lesotho | 6,187 |
| 6 | Sint Maarten | 5,942 |
| 7 | Andorra | 5,451 |
Links
Sources and method
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.
Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.
The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.
Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.
The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.
Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.