How dependent is the European Union on the United States?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• The United States sells 30.3% of what the world exports of turbojets and gas turbines; next come United Kingdom (14.5%), Hong Kong (5.3%) and Canada (4.8%). The rest of the world exported 4.8 times what the European Union buys from the United States.
• The United States sells 25.2% of what the world exports of airplanes and helicopters; next come Canada (6.6%), India (3.8%) and Brazil (2.6%). The rest of the world exported 2.8 times what the European Union buys from the United States.
• The United States sells 24.6% of what the world exports of hormones; next come China (3.5%), Switzerland (2.7%) and Argentina (2.1%). The rest of the world exported 0.5 times what the European Union buys from the United States.
• The United States sells 46.2% of what the world exports of other nuts (almonds, walnuts); next come Turkey (10%), China (5.7%) and Australia (4.4%). The rest of the world exported 3 times what the European Union buys from the United States.
• The United States sells 15% of what the world exports of bulk medicines; next come China (5.3%), Switzerland (5.2%) and India (3.6%). The rest of the world exported 1.9 times what the European Union buys from the United States.
• The United States sells 21.8% of what the world exports of petroleum coke and bitumen; next come Canada (9.4%), Singapore (5.3%) and United Arab Emirates (4.4%). The rest of the world exported 21.4 times what the European Union buys from the United States.
• The United States sells 21.7% of what the world exports of fuel and lubricant additives; next come Singapore (14%), China (6.6%) and India (2.8%). The rest of the world exported 7.4 times what the European Union buys from the United States.
• The United States sells 27.8% of what the world exports of nickel bars, profiles and wire; next come China (5.6%), United Kingdom (5.2%) and Japan (4.4%). The rest of the world exported 2.6 times what the European Union buys from the United States.
• The United States sells 45.4% of what the world exports of developed photographic plates and film; next come Japan (17.9%), Taiwan (13%) and South Korea (3.9%). The rest of the world exported 1.7 times what the European Union buys from the United States.
• The United States sells 39.3% of what the world exports of other nickel articles; next come United Kingdom (9.9%), Mexico (7.1%) and Taiwan (5.7%). The rest of the world exported 3.6 times what the European Union buys from the United States.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

The European Union is the United States’ 1st-largest customer, with 20.1% of its exports.

• Who does the European Union rely on?
• Who does the United States rely on?
• Dependence of the European Union on China
• Dependence of the European Union on Switzerland
• Dependence of the European Union on the United Kingdom
• Dependence of the European Union on Ukraine
• Dependence of the European Union on Norway
• Dependence of the European Union on Brazil
• Dependence of the European Union on Turkey
• Dependence of the European Union on South Korea
• Dependence of the European Union on North Macedonia
• Dependence of the European Union on the Cayman Islands
• Dependence of the European Union on Morocco
• Dependence of the European Union on Côte d'Ivoire
• Dependence of the European Union on Russia
• Dependence of the European Union on Tunisia
• Dependence of the European Union on Argentina
• Dependence of the European Union on Vietnam
• Dependence of the European Union on India
• Trade profile of the United States
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.