How dependent is the European Union on China?

and 179 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• China sells 46.2% of what the world exports of cameras and broadcast equipment; next come Vietnam (13.1%), Taiwan (4.4%) and India (4.3%). The rest of the world exported 5.2 times what the European Union buys from China.
• China sells 38.7% of what the world exports of computers; next come Taiwan (14.2%), Mexico (12.6%) and Vietnam (7%). The rest of the world exported 5.7 times what the European Union buys from China.
• China sells 50.8% of what the world exports of batteries; next come South Korea (6.1%), United States (5.4%) and Japan (3.4%). The rest of the world exported 1.4 times what the European Union buys from China.
• China sells 34.6% of what the world exports of transformers and power supplies; next come Mexico (4.5%), Japan (3.9%) and United States (3.8%). The rest of the world exported 4.6 times what the European Union buys from China.
• China sells 39.2% of what the world exports of diodes, transistors and solar cells; next come Malaysia (8.6%), Japan (7.4%) and Vietnam (5.9%). The rest of the world exported 5.2 times what the European Union buys from China.
• China sells 48% of what the world exports of electric heaters and hair dryers; next come Mexico (4%), Malaysia (2.6%) and Turkey (2.5%). The rest of the world exported 2 times what the European Union buys from China.
• China sells 59.2% of what the world exports of lamps and light fittings; next come Mexico (4%), United States (2.1%) and Vietnam (2%). The rest of the world exported 1.2 times what the European Union buys from China.
• China sells 37.2% of what the world exports of bags, suitcases and cases; next come Vietnam (6%), Cambodia (4%) and India (2.5%). The rest of the world exported 2.3 times what the European Union buys from China.
• China sells 66.3% of what the world exports of toys; next come Vietnam (5.8%), Mexico (2.6%) and Indonesia (1.7%). The rest of the world exported 1.4 times what the European Union buys from China.
• China sells 30.8% of what the world exports of furniture; next come Vietnam (10.4%), Canada (3%) and Turkey (2.4%). The rest of the world exported 4.9 times what the European Union buys from China.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

The European Union is China’s 1st-largest customer, with 17.4% of its exports.

• Who does the European Union rely on?
• Who does China rely on?
• Dependence of the European Union on the United States
• Dependence of the European Union on Switzerland
• Dependence of the European Union on the United Kingdom
• Dependence of the European Union on Ukraine
• Dependence of the European Union on Norway
• Dependence of the European Union on Brazil
• Dependence of the European Union on Turkey
• Dependence of the European Union on South Korea
• Dependence of the European Union on North Macedonia
• Dependence of the European Union on the Cayman Islands
• Dependence of the European Union on Morocco
• Dependence of the European Union on Côte d'Ivoire
• Dependence of the European Union on Russia
• Dependence of the European Union on Tunisia
• Dependence of the European Union on Argentina
• Dependence of the European Union on Vietnam
• Dependence of the European Union on India
• Trade profile of China
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.