How dependent is the European Union on Turkey?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Turkey sells 13% of what the world exports of buses; next come China (21.1%), Japan (10.1%) and Canada (4.6%). The rest of the world exported 6 times what the European Union buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 3.6% of what the world exports of copper wire; next come United Arab Emirates (8.3%), Canada (6.4%) and United States (5.2%). The rest of the world exported 30.9 times what the European Union buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 19.4% of what the world exports of uninsulated copper cable; next come United States (14.3%), Saudi Arabia (9.1%) and China (4%). The rest of the world exported 2.8 times what the European Union buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 9.1% of what the world exports of central heating boilers; next come China (5.2%), South Korea (3.9%) and Canada (2.2%). The rest of the world exported 3.9 times what the European Union buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 5.8% of what the world exports of stone fruit (cherries, peaches, plums); next come Chile (39.7%), Hong Kong (11.5%) and United States (6.7%). The rest of the world exported 29.2 times what the European Union buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 14% of what the world exports of central heating radiators; next come Mexico (16.2%), United States (10.9%) and China (10.5%). The rest of the world exported 6.7 times what the European Union buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 7.2% of what the world exports of jams, jellies and fruit purees; next come Chile (3.6%), United States (3.5%) and India (3%). The rest of the world exported 6.8 times what the European Union buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 56.1% of what the world exports of borates; next come United States (27.2%), China (3.3%) and Argentina (1.1%). The rest of the world exported 2.9 times what the European Union buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 8.7% of what the world exports of tugboats; next come Saudi Arabia (24.9%), China (11.2%) and Thailand (8.2%). The rest of the world exported 22.6 times what the European Union buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 2% of what the world exports of railway freight cars; next come Mexico (42.8%), United States (8.6%) and China (8.3%). The rest of the world exported 36 times what the European Union buys from Turkey.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

The European Union is Turkey’s 1st-largest customer, with 41.9% of its exports.

• Who does the European Union rely on?
• Who does Turkey rely on?
• Dependence of the European Union on China
• Dependence of the European Union on the United States
• Dependence of the European Union on Switzerland
• Dependence of the European Union on the United Kingdom
• Dependence of the European Union on Ukraine
• Dependence of the European Union on Norway
• Dependence of the European Union on Brazil
• Dependence of the European Union on South Korea
• Dependence of the European Union on North Macedonia
• Dependence of the European Union on the Cayman Islands
• Dependence of the European Union on Morocco
• Dependence of the European Union on Côte d'Ivoire
• Dependence of the European Union on Russia
• Dependence of the European Union on Tunisia
• Dependence of the European Union on Argentina
• Dependence of the European Union on Vietnam
• Dependence of the European Union on India
• Trade profile of Turkey
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.