Summary
- Largest supplier: United States
- 39.7%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 1,955
- Products with a supplier above 50%
- 293
- Products with a supplier above 75%
- 119
Concentration index (HHI): 1,955 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 5 suppliers of the same size
Trend
Trend in shares
The United States went from 56.6% to 39.7% of what Jamaica buys
Share (%)
- United States 39.7%
- China 17.1%
- Japan 5.1%
- Brazil 3.5%
- Colombia 3.4%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest supplier | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | United States | 56.6% |
| 1996 | United States | 52.6% |
| 1997 | United States | 48.7% |
| 1998 | United States | 51.5% |
| 1999 | United States | 47% |
| 2000 | United States | 43.2% |
| 2001 | United States | 43.6% |
| 2002 | United States | 39.9% |
| 2003 | United States | 39.5% |
| 2004 | United States | 39.5% |
| 2005 | United States | 39.5% |
| 2006 | United States | 37.6% |
| 2007 | United States | 37.9% |
| 2008 | United States | 37.5% |
| 2009 | United States | 35.7% |
| 2010 | United States | 34.4% |
| 2011 | United States | 33.1% |
| 2012 | United States | 35.1% |
| 2013 | United States | 33.5% |
| 2014 | United States | 37.7% |
| 2015 | United States | 36.3% |
| 2016 | United States | 36.9% |
| 2017 | United States | 39.2% |
| 2018 | United States | 43% |
| 2019 | United States | 45.3% |
| 2020 | United States | 37.5% |
| 2021 | United States | 38.7% |
| 2022 | United States | 40% |
| 2023 | United States | 39% |
| 2024 | United States | 39.7% |
Its suppliers
Products with a dominant supplier
Of the 419 products Jamaica buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.
| Product | Supplier | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refined petroleum | United States | 96.4%over 75% | Belgium · 2% | $838 million |
| Cars | Japan | 59.5% | United States · 7.7% | $414 million |
| Crude petroleum | Colombia | 51.8% | Brazil · 43.8% | $307 million |
| Natural gas and LPG | United States | 65.3% | Nigeria · 33.1% | $240 million |
| Caustic soda and potash | United States | 98.8%over 75% | China · 0.59% | $79 million |
| Corn | United States | 95.1%over 75% | Dominican Republic · 2.5% | $70 million |
| Soft drinks | Trinidad and Tobago | 60.8% | United States · 20.4% | $64 million |
| Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) | United States | 97%over 75% | Barbados · 2.5% | $62 million |
| Soybean meal and pellets | United States | 100%over 75% | — | $56 million |
| Steel bars | Turkey | 80.7%over 75% | China · 19.3% | $55 million |
| Rice | Guyana | 71.5% | Thailand · 15.2% | $54 million |
| Wheat | United States | 96.7%over 75% | Canada · 3.3% | $50 million |
| New tires | China | 78.4%over 75% | United States · 4.2% | $49 million |
| Eggs in shell | United States | 100%over 75% | — | $48 million |
| Cane and beet sugar | Guatemala | 52.9% | Colombia · 25.5% | $48 million |
| Breakfast cereals | Trinidad and Tobago | 69.7% | United States · 13.7% | $43 million |
| Shipping containers | Guyana | 98%over 75% | United States · 1% | $42 million |
| Steel structures | China | 56.9% | United States · 17.3% | $40 million |
| Cameras and broadcast equipment | United States | 59.5% | China · 29.4% | $40 million |
| Computers | United States | 82.3%over 75% | China · 10% | $38 million |
| Alloy steel bars and sections | Turkey | 69.4% | China · 29.9% | $37 million |
| Sawn wood | United States | 93.2%over 75% | Guyana · 2.7% | $37 million |
| Plastic tableware and household items | China | 65.5% | United States · 19.7% | $36 million |
| Buses | China | 50.1% | Japan · 43.6% | $33 million |
| Air conditioners | China | 80.8%over 75% | United States · 9% | $33 million |
and 268 more
A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.
Selling: who it relies on
- Largest customer: United States
- 28.7%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 1,264
Concentration index (HHI): 1,264 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 8 customers of the same size
Trend in shares
The United States went from 49% to 28.7% of what Jamaica sells
Share (%)
- United States 28.7%
- Iceland 12.1%
- Netherlands 11.2%
- Canada 7.5%
- United Kingdom 5.5%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest customer | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | United States | 49% |
| 1996 | United States | 42.6% |
| 1997 | United States | 38.7% |
| 1998 | United States | 40.4% |
| 1999 | United States | 41.2% |
| 2000 | United States | 38.2% |
| 2001 | United States | 30.5% |
| 2002 | United States | 28.1% |
| 2003 | United States | 28.2% |
| 2004 | United States | 21.5% |
| 2005 | United States | 25.3% |
| 2006 | United States | 31.8% |
| 2007 | United States | 37.8% |
| 2008 | United States | 38.3% |
| 2009 | United States | 42.7% |
| 2010 | United States | 42.6% |
| 2011 | United States | 40.2% |
| 2012 | United States | 38.7% |
| 2013 | United States | 35% |
| 2014 | United States | 26.7% |
| 2015 | United States | 34.4% |
| 2016 | United States | 31.4% |
| 2017 | United States | 36.4% |
| 2018 | United States | 30% |
| 2019 | United States | 35.7% |
| 2020 | United States | 36.6% |
| 2021 | United States | 46.8% |
| 2022 | United States | 41.6% |
| 2023 | United States | 45.6% |
| 2024 | United States | 28.7% |
52 of the 74 products Jamaica sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Jamaica sells of that product; in 26, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 33% of what Jamaica sells.
| Product | Customer | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preserved fruit and nuts | United States | 79%over 75% | Canada · 15.6% | $67 million |
| Bauxite (aluminum ore) | United States | 95.9%over 75% | China · 3.1% | $54 million |
| Cargo and cruise ships | South Korea | 100%over 75% | — | $40 million |
| Sauces and condiments | United States | 75.5%over 75% | Canada · 10.3% | $36 million |
| Bread, biscuits and pastries | United States | 60.8% | Canada · 10.8% | $34 million |
| Beer | United States | 57.2% | Canada · 17.9% | $33 million |
| Cider and other fermented drinks | United Kingdom | 80.2%over 75% | France · 7.5% | $29 million |
| Coffee | Japan | 59.2% | United States · 13.2% | $25 million |
| Margarine | Trinidad and Tobago | 90.7%over 75% | United States · 5.1% | $14 million |
| Ferrous scrap | Taiwan | 50.6% | Thailand · 42.3% | $14 million |
| Crustaceans (shrimp, lobster, crab) | United States | 54% | China · 15.8% | $14 million |
| Gravel and crushed stone | United States | 78.7%over 75% | Cayman Islands · 11.7% | $10 million |
| Poultry meat | Bahamas | 62.3% | Cayman Islands · 37.7% | $10 million |
| Fruit and vegetable juices | United States | 73.3% | Cayman Islands · 12.7% | $10 million |
| Cars | Pakistan | 64% | Guyana · 14.6% | $9 million |
and 37 more
Concentration compared
The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).
| Rank | Country | HHI |
|---|---|---|
| 58 | Dominican Republic | 1,989 |
| 59 | American Samoa | 1,977 |
| 60 | Jamaica | 1,955 |
| 61 | Hong Kong | 1,927 |
| 62 | Zimbabwe | 1,902 |
| 63 | Sierra Leone | 1,887 |
Links
Sources and method
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.
Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.
The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.
Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.
The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.
Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.