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Who does Nigeria rely on?

The largest supplier of Nigeria in 2024 is China, with 29.8% of what Nigeria buys. Its share was 28.8% in 2019 and 3.2% in 1995. 481 of the 788 products Nigeria buys for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what Nigeria buys of that product; in 243, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 35% of what Nigeria buys.

Summary

Largest supplier: China
29.8%
Concentration (HHI)
1,164
Products with a supplier above 50%
481
Products with a supplier above 75%
243

Concentration index (HHI): 1,164 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 9 suppliers of the same size

Trend

Trend in shares

China went from 3.2% to 29.8% of what Nigeria buys

Share (%)

  • China 29.8%
  • Belgium 9.4%
  • United States 9%
  • India 5.6%
  • Netherlands 3.4%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest supplierShare
1995United Kingdom13.3%
1996United States14.1%
1997United States13.6%
1998United Kingdom11.9%
1999United States10.5%
2000United Kingdom10.3%
2001United Kingdom10.5%
2002United States10.5%
2003United States13.6%
2004China11.5%
2005China12.6%
2006China13.5%
2007China11.6%
2008China12.8%
2009China14.4%
2010China14%
2011China14.4%
2012China19.5%
2013China22.6%
2014China25.1%
2015China27.8%
2016China24.4%
2017China25.7%
2018China26.4%
2019China28.8%
2020China32.3%
2021China31.8%
2022China27.9%
2023China24.5%
2024China29.8%

Its suppliers

  1. China$14.3 billion · 29.8%
  2. Belgium$4.5 billion · 9.4%
  3. United States$4.3 billion · 9%
  4. India$2.7 billion · 5.6%
  5. Netherlands$1.7 billion · 3.4%
  6. United Kingdom$1.5 billion · 3.2%
  7. United Arab Emirates$1.5 billion · 3.1%
  8. Saudi Arabia$1.1 billion · 2.3%
  9. Brazil$1 billion · 2.2%
  10. Norway$979 million · 2%

Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.

Products with a dominant supplier

Of the 788 products Nigeria buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

ProductSupplierShareSecondValue
Crude petroleumUnited States100%over 75%—$1.2 billion
CarsUnited States58%Canada · 8.8%$1.1 billion
Cane and beet sugarBrazil99.6%over 75%Egypt · 0.18%$707 million
Medicines in measured doses or retail packsIndia55%China · 18.5%$586 million
Natural gas and LPGUnited States74.7%Equatorial Guinea · 14.1%$526 million
Synthetic filament fabricChina96.6%over 75%India · 1.9%$489 million
Cameras and broadcast equipmentChina71%United States · 11.1%$479 million
WigsChina99.9%over 75%Hong Kong · 0.06%$378 million
Airplanes and helicoptersTurkey50.4%United States · 14.9%$371 million
Lightweight cotton fabricChina64.9%India · 17.2%$365 million
Transformers and power suppliesChina51%India · 20.8%$333 million
Palm oilMalaysia67.4%Indonesia · 23.5%$331 million
Aluminum sheetChina67.8%South Korea · 21.6%$328 million
New tiresChina86.1%over 75%India · 4.4%$328 million
Polyethers, polyesters and epoxy resinsChina79.3%over 75%South Korea · 8.9%$327 million
Military weaponsAzerbaijan99.2%over 75%Pakistan · 0.29%$325 million
Liquid pumpsChina65.1%United States · 4.9%$306 million
Valves and tapsChina51.6%Italy · 8.3%$304 million
Pesticides and herbicidesChina86.9%over 75%India · 8.5%$286 million
Coated flat steelChina90.1%over 75%Netherlands · 4.8%$261 million
Diodes, transistors and solar cellsChina88.2%over 75%India · 2.3%$247 million
Cables and wireChina70.1%India · 11.3%$238 million
Seamless steel pipesChina71.5%Indonesia · 9.8%$237 million
BatteriesChina59.9%India · 18%$237 million
Air conditionersChina83.3%over 75%India · 3.5%$227 million

and 456 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Countries that sell more than 50% of some product; the darker, the higher the value of those products.

Selling: who it relies on

Largest customer: Spain
10.2%
Concentration (HHI)
516

Concentration index (HHI): 516 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 19 customers of the same size

Trend in shares

The United States went from 38.8% to 9.4% of what Nigeria sells

Share (%)

  • Spain 10.2%
  • India 9.8%
  • United States 9.4%
  • France 7.5%
  • China 5.6%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest customerShare
1995United States38.8%
1996United States35.2%
1997United States37.4%
1998United States38.9%
1999United States31.6%
2000United States46.6%
2001United States39%
2002United States30.8%
2003United States40.6%
2004United States49.2%
2005United States53.7%
2006United States46.3%
2007United States45.6%
2008United States42.2%
2009United States31.8%
2010United States33.6%
2011United States25.7%
2012United States18%
2013India13.4%
2014India15.9%
2015India17.6%
2016India19.1%
2017India16.7%
2018India17.2%
2019India16.4%
2020India14.6%
2021India15.8%
2022Spain13.2%
2023United States10.1%
2024Spain10.2%

125 of the 188 products Nigeria sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Nigeria sells of that product; in 66, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 5.6% of what Nigeria sells.

ProductCustomerShareSecondValue
Nitrogen fertilizersBrazil56.5%United States · 14.6%$1 billion
Dredgers and floating cranesSpain65.1%Namibia · 10.4%$531 million
GoldSwitzerland97%over 75%Eswatini · 2.5%$348 million
Unwrought aluminumJapan66.1%China · 7.3%$310 million
Coconuts, Brazil nuts and cashewsVietnam57.6%India · 33.6%$306 million
Tin oreChina58.5%Malaysia · 39.5%$300 million
SoybeansPakistan68.4%India · 22.8%$209 million
Other mineralsChina100%over 75%Saudi Arabia · 0.01%$208 million
Cocoa butterGermany81.3%over 75%France · 7.2%$193 million
Niobium, tantalum, vanadium and zirconium oreChina90.3%over 75%Malaysia · 5%$155 million
Unwrought leadUnited States83.6%over 75%Turkey · 6.2%$116 million
Unrefined copperChina100%over 75%—$99 million
Ships for scrapCameroon80.8%over 75%Togo · 13.7%$82 million
Lead oreChina95.2%over 75%South Korea · 3.3%$81 million
Titanium oreChina99.8%over 75%Vietnam · 0.22%$77 million

and 110 more

Concentration compared

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

RankCountryHHI
116Chile1,181
117Sri Lanka1,175
118Nigeria1,164
119Cuba1,155
120Comoros1,151
121Rwanda1,137

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.