Summary
- Largest supplier: Germany
- 10.3%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 460
- Products with a supplier above 50%
- 245
- Products with a supplier above 75%
- 72
Concentration index (HHI): 460 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 22 suppliers of the same size
Trend
Trend in shares
Italy went from 16.6% to 8.1% of what Greece buys
Share (%)
- Germany 10.3%
- China 8.9%
- Italy 8.1%
- Iraq 5.9%
- Netherlands 5.4%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest supplier | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Italy | 16.6% |
| 1996 | Italy | 16.6% |
| 1997 | Italy | 16.1% |
| 1998 | Italy | 15.4% |
| 1999 | Italy | 14.9% |
| 2000 | Italy | 12.9% |
| 2001 | Germany | 14.5% |
| 2002 | Germany | 12.6% |
| 2003 | Germany | 12.4% |
| 2004 | Germany | 13% |
| 2005 | Germany | 13.1% |
| 2006 | Germany | 12.2% |
| 2007 | Germany | 12.3% |
| 2008 | Germany | 12.2% |
| 2009 | Germany | 12.5% |
| 2010 | Germany | 10.6% |
| 2011 | Germany | 10.3% |
| 2012 | Russia | 12.2% |
| 2013 | Russia | 14% |
| 2014 | Russia | 10% |
| 2015 | Germany | 10.1% |
| 2016 | Germany | 10.5% |
| 2017 | Germany | 10.5% |
| 2018 | Germany | 10.1% |
| 2019 | Germany | 10.4% |
| 2020 | Germany | 12.1% |
| 2021 | Germany | 10.4% |
| 2022 | Russia | 10.1% |
| 2023 | Germany | 10.3% |
| 2024 | Germany | 10.3% |
Its suppliers
Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.
Products with a dominant supplier
Of the 954 products Greece buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.
| Product | Supplier | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cargo and cruise ships | South Korea | 89.1%over 75% | China · 4.7% | $1.1 billion |
| Oxygen heterocyclic compounds | Germany | 99%over 75% | India · 0.26% | $1 billion |
| Computers | China | 50.2% | Netherlands · 12.6% | $1 billion |
| Diodes, transistors and solar cells | China | 84.4%over 75% | Spain · 6% | $990 million |
| Air conditioners | China | 52.5% | Italy · 20.2% | $433 million |
| Toys | China | 59% | Czechia · 5.9% | $281 million |
| Soybean meal and pellets | Argentina | 83.4%over 75% | United States · 6.2% | $256 million |
| Fragrance mixtures | Ireland | 61.2% | France · 13.9% | $248 million |
| Lamps and light fittings | China | 59.3% | Italy · 9% | $242 million |
| Ethers and organic peroxides | France | 55.1% | Spain · 14% | $230 million |
| Aircraft parts | Italy | 56.6% | United States · 20.2% | $230 million |
| Electron tubes and valves | France | 71.6% | Netherlands · 16.1% | $193 million |
| Home appliances | China | 57.9% | Germany · 20.1% | $170 million |
| Bananas | Ecuador | 89.2%over 75% | Italy · 3.5% | $166 million |
| Nitrogen fertilizers | Egypt | 65.3% | China · 7.9% | $157 million |
| Sunflower, safflower and cottonseed oil | Bulgaria | 60.5% | Ukraine · 18.1% | $146 million |
| Coal tar oils | Turkey | 67.6% | Malta · 14.8% | $131 million |
| Synthetic filament fabric | China | 62.2% | Turkey · 11.5% | $131 million |
| Potatoes | Egypt | 53.2% | France · 18% | $128 million |
| Bulk medicines | Germany | 80%over 75% | China · 5.3% | $126 million |
| Sports equipment | China | 55.6% | Italy · 7.6% | $122 million |
| Other wristwatches | Switzerland | 58.2% | France · 19.4% | $118 million |
| Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) | Spain | 54.6% | Bulgaria · 19.3% | $110 million |
| Rapeseed (canola) | Australia | 67.6% | Ukraine · 27.8% | $109 million |
| Bed, table and kitchen linen | Pakistan | 52.3% | China · 11.7% | $103 million |
and 220 more
A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.
Selling: who it relies on
- Largest customer: Italy
- 9.6%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 342
Concentration index (HHI): 342 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 29 customers of the same size
Trend in shares
Germany went from 20% to 6.7% of what Greece sells
Share (%)
- Italy 9.6%
- Germany 6.7%
- Cyprus 6.1%
- United States 4.6%
- Romania 4.2%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest customer | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Germany | 20% |
| 1996 | Germany | 18.1% |
| 1997 | Germany | 16.7% |
| 1998 | Germany | 17.4% |
| 1999 | Germany | 15.4% |
| 2000 | Germany | 11.9% |
| 2001 | Germany | 12.8% |
| 2002 | Germany | 12.3% |
| 2003 | Germany | 11.4% |
| 2004 | Italy | 11.2% |
| 2005 | Germany | 11.2% |
| 2006 | Italy | 11.1% |
| 2007 | Italy | 10.9% |
| 2008 | Germany | 10% |
| 2009 | Germany | 10.2% |
| 2010 | Italy | 9.6% |
| 2011 | Italy | 9.6% |
| 2012 | Turkey | 11.1% |
| 2013 | Turkey | 12.1% |
| 2014 | Turkey | 13.3% |
| 2015 | Italy | 10.5% |
| 2016 | Italy | 10.5% |
| 2017 | Italy | 9.8% |
| 2018 | Italy | 9.9% |
| 2019 | Italy | 9.7% |
| 2020 | Italy | 9.9% |
| 2021 | Italy | 8.7% |
| 2022 | Italy | 11.3% |
| 2023 | Italy | 11.4% |
| 2024 | Italy | 9.6% |
165 of the 749 products Greece sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Greece sells of that product; in 51, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 8.3% of what Greece sells.
| Product | Customer | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olive oil | Italy | 53.9% | Germany · 11% | $996 million |
| Computers | Italy | 68.7% | Cyprus · 8.4% | $395 million |
| Unwrought aluminum | Italy | 65.5% | Bulgaria · 10.8% | $365 million |
| Electricity | Italy | 77.7%over 75% | Albania · 10.2% | $348 million |
| Cameras and broadcast equipment | Cyprus | 55.2% | Italy · 14.5% | $256 million |
| Natural gas and LPG | Tunisia | 51.9% | Hungary · 8.6% | $237 million |
| Wheat | Italy | 78.9%over 75% | Tunisia · 10.4% | $235 million |
| LCD panels, lasers and other optical devices | Germany | 54.3% | Israel · 11.3% | $230 million |
| Cement | United States | 59% | United Kingdom · 14.4% | $227 million |
| Toys | Romania | 70.7% | Cyprus · 9.4% | $219 million |
| Copper scrap | Bulgaria | 60.2% | Morocco · 11.5% | $182 million |
| Copper wire | Romania | 95.5%over 75% | North Macedonia · 2.1% | $139 million |
| Marble and travertine | China | 62.5% | India · 6.5% | $135 million |
| Crude petroleum | South Africa | 62.3% | Turkey · 24.4% | $132 million |
| Bombs, missiles and ammunition | Slovakia | 75.1%over 75% | Italy · 7.8% | $130 million |
and 150 more
Leaving out trade within the EU
- Largest supplier outside the EU: China
- 17.3%
- Concentration (HHI) · Supplier
- 742
- Largest customer outside the EU: United States
- 9%
- Concentration (HHI) · Customer
- 414
493 of the 773 products Greece buys from outside the EU for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what Greece buys of that product; in 224, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 24.7% of what Greece buys from outside the EU.
Concentration compared
Links
- Trade profile of Greece
- Trade between Greece and Austria
- Trade between Greece and Azerbaijan
- Trade between Greece and Belgium
- Trade between Greece and Bulgaria
- Trade between Greece and China
- Trade between Greece and Cyprus
- Trade between Greece and Czechia
- Trade between Greece and Egypt
- Trade between Greece and France
- Trade between Greece and Germany
- Trade between Greece and Gibraltar
- Trade between Greece and India
- Trade between Greece and Iraq
- Trade between Greece and Israel
- Trade between Greece and Italy
- Trade between Greece and Kazakhstan
- Trade between Greece and Lebanon
- Trade between Greece and Libya
- Trade between Greece and the Netherlands
- Trade between Greece and North Macedonia
- Trade between Greece and Norway
- Trade between Greece and Poland
- Trade between Greece and Romania
- Trade between Greece and Russia
- Trade between Greece and Saudi Arabia
- Trade between Greece and South Korea
- Trade between Greece and Spain
- Trade between Greece and Turkey
- Trade between Greece and Ukraine
- Trade between Greece and the United Kingdom
- Trade between Greece and the United States
- Dependence of Greece on China
- Dependence of Greece on Germany
- Dependence of Greece on South Korea
- All countries
Sources and method
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.
Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.
The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.
Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.
The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.
Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.