How dependent is Greece on Germany?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Germany sells 17.6% of what the world exports of oxygen heterocyclic compounds; next come China (26.4%), Ireland (7.6%) and Italy (7.3%). The rest of the world exported 8.4 times what Greece buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 5.6% of what the world exports of bulk medicines; next come Ireland (18.2%), United States (15%) and Portugal (13.7%). The rest of the world exported 158.4 times what Greece buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 16.1% of what the world exports of catalysts; next come United States (21.8%), North Macedonia (9.6%) and Poland (6.9%). The rest of the world exported 540.8 times what Greece buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 6.9% of what the world exports of potash fertilizers; next come Canada (37.7%), Russia (22.7%) and Belarus (5.1%). The rest of the world exported 739.5 times what Greece buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 13.2% of what the world exports of milking and dairy machinery; next come Netherlands (20.9%), Sweden (10.6%) and Poland (6.8%). The rest of the world exported 81.4 times what Greece buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 7.1% of what the world exports of printer ribbons and ink pads; next come Japan (18.4%), China (15.6%) and France (12.5%). The rest of the world exported 69.1 times what Greece buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 18.2% of what the world exports of gaskets and gasket sets; next come United States (18.7%), China (9.7%) and Japan (7.4%). The rest of the world exported 500.7 times what Greece buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 5.6% of what the world exports of vending machines; next come Italy (24%), China (20.9%) and Poland (5.2%). The rest of the world exported 210.5 times what Greece buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 11.1% of what the world exports of peat; next come Canada (24.2%), Latvia (18.7%) and Estonia (10.3%). The rest of the world exported 310 times what Greece buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 5% of what the world exports of keyboards and other electric instruments; next come China (34%), Indonesia (21.3%) and United States (10.8%). The rest of the world exported 559.9 times what Greece buys from Germany.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Greece is Germany’s 33rd-largest customer, with 0.63% of its exports.

• Trade between Greece and Germany
• Who does Greece rely on?
• Who does Germany rely on?
• Dependence of Greece on China
• Dependence of Greece on South Korea
• Trade profile of Greece
• Trade profile of Germany
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.