Summary
- Largest supplier: China
- 15.6%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 983
- Products with a supplier above 50%
- 276
- Products with a supplier above 75%
- 85
Concentration index (HHI): 983 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 10 suppliers of the same size
Trend
Trend in shares
Japan went from 48.8% to 11.5% of what Panama buys
Share (%)
- China 15.6%
- Ecuador 15%
- United States 12.2%
- Japan 11.5%
- Colombia 11.4%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest supplier | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Japan | 48.8% |
| 1996 | Japan | 39% |
| 1997 | Japan | 44.2% |
| 1998 | Japan | 42% |
| 1999 | Japan | 44.8% |
| 2000 | Japan | 45.5% |
| 2001 | Japan | 38.9% |
| 2002 | Japan | 39.1% |
| 2003 | Japan | 41.4% |
| 2004 | Japan | 38.4% |
| 2005 | Japan | 41.3% |
| 2006 | Japan | 32.5% |
| 2007 | Japan | 29% |
| 2008 | Japan | 27.9% |
| 2009 | Japan | 32.3% |
| 2010 | Japan | 32.3% |
| 2011 | Japan | 29.1% |
| 2012 | Japan | 26.5% |
| 2013 | Japan | 21.5% |
| 2014 | Japan | 17.5% |
| 2015 | China | 19% |
| 2016 | Japan | 19.5% |
| 2017 | Japan | 17.1% |
| 2018 | Japan | 17.6% |
| 2019 | Japan | 17.9% |
| 2020 | Japan | 18.4% |
| 2021 | Japan | 16.5% |
| 2022 | Colombia | 14.5% |
| 2023 | Colombia | 14.1% |
| 2024 | China | 15.6% |
Its suppliers
Products with a dominant supplier
Of the 625 products Panama buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.
| Product | Supplier | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cargo and cruise ships | Japan | 54.4% | China · 31.9% | $7.2 billion |
| Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds | Spain | 92.3%over 75% | United States · 7% | $2 billion |
| Dredgers and floating cranes | South Korea | 71.6% | China · 27.9% | $316 million |
| Cameras and broadcast equipment | China | 61.1% | United States · 26.2% | $306 million |
| Computer and office machine parts | China | 55% | United States · 24.7% | $209 million |
| Transformers and power supplies | China | 55.8% | Colombia · 9.4% | $146 million |
| Corn | United States | 93.9%over 75% | Brazil · 4.6% | $134 million |
| Diodes, transistors and solar cells | China | 92%over 75% | Spain · 3% | $114 million |
| Jewelry | Italy | 53.1% | Turkey · 30.6% | $112 million |
| Coal tar oils | Denmark | 63.6% | Netherlands · 27.5% | $106 million |
| Steel structures | China | 53% | Mexico · 16.1% | $105 million |
| New tires | China | 58.1% | Brazil · 6% | $99 million |
| Soybean meal and pellets | United States | 99.8%over 75% | Brazil · 0.09% | $97 million |
| Bags, suitcases and cases | China | 69.3% | United States · 5.8% | $95 million |
| Cranes | China | 88.7%over 75% | United States · 4.9% | $95 million |
| Batteries | China | 63% | South Korea · 9% | $90 million |
| Cheese | United States | 74.6% | New Zealand · 11.4% | $88 million |
| Women's suits and dresses | China | 55.7% | United States · 18.6% | $84 million |
| T-shirts | China | 71.6% | United States · 4.4% | $84 million |
| Coated flat steel | China | 82.2%over 75% | Hong Kong · 6% | $79 million |
| Steel bars | Turkey | 60.8% | China · 30% | $79 million |
| Seats and chairs | China | 66.4% | United States · 6.3% | $74 million |
| Rice | United States | 72.6% | Uruguay · 20.2% | $73 million |
| Monitors and projectors | China | 65.2% | Mexico · 18.2% | $69 million |
| Beer | United States | 51.6% | Mexico · 16.9% | $66 million |
and 251 more
A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.
Selling: who it relies on
- Largest customer: United States
- 11.6%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 443
Concentration index (HHI): 443 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 23 customers of the same size
Trend in shares
Costa Rica went from 3.4% to 10% of what Panama sells
Share (%)
- United States 11.6%
- Costa Rica 10%
- Netherlands 5.9%
- Denmark 5.8%
- Thailand 4.2%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest customer | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | South Korea | 13.1% |
| 1996 | South Korea | 17.1% |
| 1997 | South Korea | 15.4% |
| 1998 | United States | 13.2% |
| 1999 | United States | 14.4% |
| 2000 | United States | 12.9% |
| 2001 | Venezuela | 12% |
| 2002 | United States | 11.4% |
| 2003 | United States | 10.2% |
| 2004 | Guatemala | 11.6% |
| 2005 | Venezuela | 17.8% |
| 2006 | Venezuela | 10.7% |
| 2007 | Venezuela | 21% |
| 2008 | Venezuela | 13.1% |
| 2009 | United States | 23% |
| 2010 | United States | 19.5% |
| 2011 | United States | 26.7% |
| 2012 | United States | 27.5% |
| 2013 | United States | 24.1% |
| 2014 | United States | 20.8% |
| 2015 | United States | 18.9% |
| 2016 | United States | 22% |
| 2017 | United States | 17.5% |
| 2018 | United States | 24.9% |
| 2019 | United States | 13.1% |
| 2020 | United States | 9.3% |
| 2021 | China | 15.5% |
| 2022 | China | 16.2% |
| 2023 | China | 23.8% |
| 2024 | United States | 11.6% |
104 of the 250 products Panama sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Panama sells of that product; in 51, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 28.8% of what Panama sells.
| Product | Customer | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warships and other vessels | Turkey | 94.9%over 75% | Saudi Arabia · 3.4% | $149 million |
| Dredgers and floating cranes | Thailand | 93%over 75% | Trinidad and Tobago · 7% | $101 million |
| Fish oil and marine fats | Norway | 62.2% | Denmark · 35.8% | $87 million |
| Fresh fish | United States | 97.8%over 75% | Costa Rica · 0.45% | $78 million |
| Crustaceans (shrimp, lobster, crab) | Taiwan | 80.9%over 75% | United States · 11.4% | $78 million |
| Precious metal scrap | United States | 72.8% | Switzerland · 24.5% | $65 million |
| Cameras and broadcast equipment | United States | 63.5% | Costa Rica · 23.3% | $64 million |
| Cane and beet sugar | United States | 97.9%over 75% | Grenada · 0.97% | $46 million |
| Logs | India | 83.3%over 75% | Vietnam · 11.2% | $43 million |
| Airplanes and helicopters | Czechia | 96.2%over 75% | Guyana · 3.6% | $42 million |
| New tires | Netherlands | 84.6%over 75% | Belize · 2.8% | $39 million |
| Crude petroleum | Singapore | 100%over 75% | — | $32 million |
| Meat and fish meal | China | 80.1%over 75% | Costa Rica · 5.2% | $32 million |
| Computers | Costa Rica | 55.1% | Georgia · 15.9% | $31 million |
| Copper ore | China | 100%over 75% | Guatemala · 0% | $23 million |
and 89 more
Concentration compared
Links
- Trade profile of Panama
- Trade between Panama and China
- Trade between Panama and Colombia
- Trade between Panama and Ecuador
- Trade between Panama and Guyana
- Trade between Panama and Japan
- Trade between Panama and South Korea
- Trade between Panama and Spain
- Trade between Panama and the United States
- Dependence of Panama on Japan
- Dependence of Panama on China
- Dependence of Panama on Spain
- Dependence of Panama on the United States
- All countries
Sources and method
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.
Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.
The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.
Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.
The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.
Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.