How dependent is Panama on Spain?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Spain sells 3.1% of what the world exports of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds; next come China (26.6%), Switzerland (17.1%) and Ireland (13.8%). The rest of the world exported 51 times what Panama buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 43.3% of what the world exports of olive oil; next come Italy (18.8%), Tunisia (10%) and Portugal (9.8%). The rest of the world exported 723.1 times what Panama buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 8.5% of what the world exports of vermouth and flavored wine; next come Italy (40.3%), France (16.5%) and Germany (7.4%). The rest of the world exported 387.2 times what Panama buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 15% of what the world exports of gypsum and plaster; next come Thailand (11.6%), Oman (11.2%) and Germany (9.7%). The rest of the world exported 933.1 times what Panama buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 49.2% of what the world exports of olive pomace oil; next come Italy (15.7%), Greece (11%) and Portugal (6.5%). The rest of the world exported 428.9 times what Panama buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 7.9% of what the world exports of roofing tiles and other ceramic building parts; next come Germany (21.5%), China (11.9%) and France (10.5%). The rest of the world exported 723.5 times what Panama buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 3.2% of what the world exports of refractory bricks; next come China (41%), Germany (12.4%) and India (5.3%). The rest of the world exported 5,503.1 times what Panama buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 15.2% of what the world exports of other ceramic articles; next come China (23.6%), Japan (10.9%) and United States (6.9%). The rest of the world exported 2,259.4 times what Panama buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 3.2% of what the world exports of ceramic building bricks; next come China (28.4%), Belgium (18.7%) and Netherlands (9%). The rest of the world exported 2,048.5 times what Panama buys from Spain.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Panama is Spain’s 34th-largest customer, with 0.55% of its exports.

• Trade between Panama and Spain
• Who does Panama rely on?
• Who does Spain rely on?
• Dependence of Panama on Japan
• Dependence of Panama on China
• Dependence of Panama on the United States
• Trade profile of Panama
• Trade profile of Spain
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.