Who does Iraq rely on?

1. China$16 billion · 30.9%
2. Turkey$13 billion · 25.1%
3. India$3.3 billion · 6.3%
4. Brazil$1.9 billion · 3.7%
5. Saudi Arabia$1.7 billion · 3.3%
6. United States$1.6 billion · 3.1%
7. Germany$1.4 billion · 2.7%
8. South Korea$1.2 billion · 2.4%
9. Thailand$1.2 billion · 2.3%
10. Italy$1 billion · 2%

Of the 729 products Iraq buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

and 472 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Largest customer: China

35.1%

Concentration (HHI)

2,154

Concentration index (HHI): 2,154 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 5 customers of the same size

45 of the 54 products Iraq sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Iraq sells of that product; in 36, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 1.1% of what Iraq sells.

and 30 more

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

• Trade profile of Iraq
• Trade between Iraq and Brazil
• Trade between Iraq and China
• Trade between Iraq and France
• Trade between Iraq and Germany
• Trade between Iraq and Greece
• Trade between Iraq and India
• Trade between Iraq and Italy
• Trade between Iraq and the Netherlands
• Trade between Iraq and Saudi Arabia
• Trade between Iraq and Singapore
• Trade between Iraq and South Korea
• Trade between Iraq and Spain
• Trade between Iraq and Turkey
• Trade between Iraq and the United States
• Dependence of Iraq on China
• Dependence of Iraq on Turkey
• Dependence of Iraq on India
• Dependence of Iraq on Brazil
• Dependence of Iraq on Saudi Arabia
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.