Who does Macao rely on?

1. China$4.5 billion · 33.5%
2. Hong Kong$2.4 billion · 17.9%
3. France$1.1 billion · 7.9%
4. Japan$818 million · 6.1%
5. United States$754 million · 5.6%
6. Italy$661 million · 4.9%
7. Switzerland$317 million · 2.4%
8. Vietnam$272 million · 2%
9. Germany$251 million · 1.9%
10. Australia$228 million · 1.7%

Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.

Of the 418 products Macao buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

and 222 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.

Largest customer: Hong Kong

74.9%

Concentration (HHI)

5,673

Concentration index (HHI): 5,673 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 2 customers of the same size

91 of the 113 products Macao sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Macao sells of that product; in 65, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 75% of what Macao sells.

and 76 more

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

• Trade profile of Macao
• Trade between Macao and China
• Trade between Macao and Hong Kong
• Dependence of Macao on China
• Dependence of Macao on Hong Kong
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.