Summary
- Largest supplier: China
- 30.3%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 1,758
- Products with a supplier above 50%
- 190
- Products with a supplier above 75%
- 97
Concentration index (HHI): 1,758 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 6 suppliers of the same size
Trend
Trend in shares
China went from 0.38% to 30.3% of what Somalia buys
Share (%)
- China 30.3%
- India 25.1%
- Turkey 11.1%
- Brazil 4.8%
- Kenya 4.1%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest supplier | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Brazil | 14% |
| 1996 | India | 35.4% |
| 1997 | Kenya | 28.3% |
| 1998 | India | 26.2% |
| 1999 | Brazil | 24.2% |
| 2000 | Kenya | 17.2% |
| 2001 | Brazil | 18.8% |
| 2002 | Kenya | 23% |
| 2003 | Kenya | 26.4% |
| 2004 | India | 17% |
| 2005 | United Arab Emirates | 40.8% |
| 2006 | Kenya | 26.1% |
| 2007 | United Arab Emirates | 36.9% |
| 2008 | United Arab Emirates | 22.3% |
| 2009 | Kenya | 21.5% |
| 2010 | Kenya | 23.3% |
| 2011 | India | 16% |
| 2012 | United Arab Emirates | 50% |
| 2013 | United Arab Emirates | 37% |
| 2014 | United Arab Emirates | 24.5% |
| 2015 | United Arab Emirates | 24.7% |
| 2016 | United Arab Emirates | 20.3% |
| 2017 | United Arab Emirates | 21.1% |
| 2018 | United Arab Emirates | 29.4% |
| 2019 | United Arab Emirates | 28% |
| 2020 | United Arab Emirates | 29.1% |
| 2021 | United Arab Emirates | 29.9% |
| 2022 | United Arab Emirates | 32.5% |
| 2023 | United Arab Emirates | 29.1% |
| 2024 | China | 30.3% |
Its suppliers
Products with a dominant supplier
Of the 243 products Somalia buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.
| Product | Supplier | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cane and beet sugar | India | 55.7% | Brazil · 33.3% | $431 million |
| Rice | India | 78.6%over 75% | Pakistan · 20.8% | $293 million |
| Rayon fabric | China | 99.9%over 75% | Indonesia · 0.11% | $133 million |
| Pasta | Turkey | 99%over 75% | Italy · 0.33% | $124 million |
| Wheat flour | Egypt | 50.4% | Turkey · 49.5% | $119 million |
| Palm oil | Malaysia | 57.4% | Indonesia · 42.4% | $98 million |
| Rubber and plastic footwear | China | 62.4% | India · 35.5% | $54 million |
| Cigarettes and cigars | Kenya | 94.3%over 75% | Uganda · 4.9% | $52 million |
| Coated flat steel | China | 99.3%over 75% | South Africa · 0.26% | $49 million |
| Sawn wood | Slovenia | 69.2% | Germany · 9.2% | $45 million |
| Synthetic filament fabric | China | 85.8%over 75% | Indonesia · 11.1% | $42 million |
| New tires | China | 81.9%over 75% | India · 16.4% | $41 million |
| Cars | India | 90.4%over 75% | Germany · 2.8% | $37 million |
| Furniture | China | 73.8% | Turkey · 19.4% | $29 million |
| Powdered and condensed milk | Malaysia | 92%over 75% | Saudi Arabia · 5.4% | $28 million |
| Toilet paper and tissues | China | 51.7% | Turkey · 43.9% | $28 million |
| Tracksuits and swimwear | Indonesia | 61.4% | China · 36% | $26 million |
| Other plastic articles | China | 73% | Turkey · 7.5% | $25 million |
| Steel structures | China | 87.7%over 75% | Turkey · 6% | $21 million |
| Steel bars | Turkey | 95%over 75% | China · 4.8% | $21 million |
| Detergents and surfactants | China | 80.9%over 75% | Egypt · 7.4% | $20 million |
| Men's shirts | India | 88%over 75% | China · 8.5% | $20 million |
| Women's knitted suits and dresses | China | 98.8%over 75% | Turkey · 0.83% | $19 million |
| Ceramic tiles | India | 88.1%over 75% | China · 10.1% | $19 million |
| Men's suits and trousers | India | 68.8% | China · 23.4% | $19 million |
and 165 more
A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.
Selling: who it relies on
- Largest customer: Saudi Arabia
- 68.8%
- Concentration (HHI)
- 4,835
Concentration index (HHI): 4,835 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 2 customers of the same size
Trend in shares
Saudi Arabia went from 75.2% to 68.8% of what Somalia sells
Share (%)
- Saudi Arabia 68.8%
- India 6.8%
- Qatar 4.4%
- Turkey 4.1%
- Bahrain 3.1%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Largest customer | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Saudi Arabia | 75.2% |
| 1996 | Saudi Arabia | 69.6% |
| 1997 | Italy | 61.2% |
| 1998 | Saudi Arabia | 52.9% |
| 1999 | Saudi Arabia | 68.4% |
| 2000 | Saudi Arabia | 71% |
| 2001 | Nigeria | 16% |
| 2002 | India | 31.7% |
| 2003 | Oman | 39.3% |
| 2004 | Yemen | 51.1% |
| 2005 | Yemen | 36.2% |
| 2006 | Yemen | 42.4% |
| 2007 | Yemen | 31.8% |
| 2008 | United Arab Emirates | 33.2% |
| 2009 | Oman | 36.8% |
| 2010 | Saudi Arabia | 46% |
| 2011 | Saudi Arabia | 57% |
| 2012 | Saudi Arabia | 45.8% |
| 2013 | Saudi Arabia | 48.4% |
| 2014 | Saudi Arabia | 39.6% |
| 2015 | Saudi Arabia | 46.7% |
| 2016 | Saudi Arabia | 48.3% |
| 2017 | Oman | 32.3% |
| 2018 | United Arab Emirates | 30.2% |
| 2019 | United Arab Emirates | 32.8% |
| 2020 | Oman | 38% |
| 2021 | Oman | 36.3% |
| 2022 | United Arab Emirates | 38.8% |
| 2023 | United Arab Emirates | 34.4% |
| 2024 | Saudi Arabia | 68.8% |
15 of the 18 products Somalia sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Somalia sells of that product; in 13, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 78.9% of what Somalia sells.
| Product | Customer | Share | Second | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Live sheep and goats | Saudi Arabia | 90.1%over 75% | Qatar · 4.8% | $294 million |
| Other live animals | Saudi Arabia | 96.4%over 75% | Qatar · 2.4% | $81 million |
| Computer and office machine parts | Turkey | 99.7%over 75% | United States · 0.28% | $15 million |
| Ferrous scrap | India | 100%over 75% | Kenya · 0.02% | $13 million |
| Citrus fruit | Saudi Arabia | 80%over 75% | Kuwait · 8.9% | $8 million |
| Paper boxes and packaging | France | 99.9%over 75% | Australia · 0.11% | $5 million |
| Copper scrap | South Korea | 52.7% | India · 41.3% | $4 million |
| Frozen fish | Côte d'Ivoire | 53.9% | Senegal · 38.2% | $4 million |
| Lamb and goat meat | Lebanon | 75.8%over 75% | Azerbaijan · 24.3% | $4 million |
| Armored vehicles | Kenya | 100%over 75% | — | $4 million |
| Industrial fatty acids and oils | India | 100%over 75% | Egypt · 0% | $3 million |
| Natural asphalt and oil sands | India | 100%over 75% | — | $3 million |
| Fish oil and marine fats | Japan | 90.6%over 75% | South Korea · 9.4% | $2 million |
| Aluminum scrap | India | 92.8%over 75% | Thailand · 4.8% | $2 million |
| Raw hides | Pakistan | 88.2%over 75% | Thailand · 8.8% | $1 million |
Concentration compared
The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).
| Rank | Country | HHI |
|---|---|---|
| 67 | Kyrgyzstan | 1,784 |
| 68 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1,774 |
| 69 | Somalia | 1,758 |
| 70 | Tonga | 1,755 |
| 71 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1,751 |
| 72 | Vanuatu | 1,730 |
Links
Sources and method
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.
Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.
The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.
Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.
The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.
Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.