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Who does Brazil rely on?

The largest supplier of Brazil in 2024 is China, with 25.6% of what Brazil buys. Its share was 19.7% in 2019 and 0.98% in 1995. 486 of the 1,036 products Brazil buys for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what Brazil buys of that product; in 197, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 23.4% of what Brazil buys.

Summary

Largest supplier: China
25.6%
Concentration (HHI)
1,023
Products with a supplier above 50%
486
Products with a supplier above 75%
197

Concentration index (HHI): 1,023 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 10 suppliers of the same size

Trend

Trend in shares

China went from 0.98% to 25.6% of what Brazil buys

Share (%)

  • China 25.6%
  • United States 15.8%
  • Germany 5%
  • Argentina 4.7%
  • Russia 4.4%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest supplierShare
1995United States22.8%
1996United States23.1%
1997United States24.5%
1998United States23.6%
1999United States23.3%
2000United States22.7%
2001United States23%
2002United States21.2%
2003United States19.5%
2004United States17.8%
2005United States16.6%
2006United States14.9%
2007United States15%
2008United States14.4%
2009United States15.4%
2010China15.1%
2011China14.9%
2012China15.9%
2013China15.9%
2014China16.8%
2015China18.2%
2016United States17.2%
2017China18.2%
2018China18.8%
2019China19.7%
2020China22.8%
2021China22.9%
2022China23%
2023China22.7%
2024China25.6%

Its suppliers

  1. China$71 billion · 25.6%
  2. United States$43.7 billion · 15.8%
  3. Germany$13.9 billion · 5%
  4. Argentina$13.2 billion · 4.7%
  5. Russia$12.2 billion · 4.4%
  6. India$7.3 billion · 2.6%
  7. Italy$6.2 billion · 2.2%
  8. France$5.9 billion · 2.1%
  9. Mexico$5.9 billion · 2.1%
  10. Japan$5.5 billion · 2%

Products with a dominant supplier

Of the 1,036 products Brazil buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

ProductSupplierShareSecondValue
Turbojets and gas turbinesUnited States70.3%France · 11.5%$8.5 billion
Cameras and broadcast equipmentChina56%United States · 18.7%$4.5 billion
Natural gas and LPGUnited States51.2%Bolivia · 27.2%$4.5 billion
TrucksArgentina71.3%Uruguay · 9.2%$4.3 billion
Diodes, transistors and solar cellsChina94.2%over 75%Japan · 1.4%$3.3 billion
Airplanes and helicoptersUnited States57.1%France · 10.6%$2.7 billion
Refined copperChile81.6%over 75%Peru · 17.8%$2.6 billion
PolyethyleneUnited States70.9%Argentina · 5.9%$2.3 billion
Phones and telecom equipmentChina61.6%Vietnam · 33.9%$2.2 billion
Computer and office machine partsChina55.2%Vietnam · 12.1%$2.1 billion
Transformers and power suppliesChina73.5%Germany · 4.2%$2 billion
Dredgers and floating cranesChina88.7%over 75%United Arab Emirates · 11.1%$1.7 billion
Air pumps, compressors and fansChina53.8%Germany · 8.3%$1.7 billion
WheatArgentina68.1%Russia · 11.6%$1.6 billion
Coated flat steelChina81.5%over 75%South Korea · 7.7%$1.3 billion
Air conditionersChina67.2%Thailand · 6.1%$1.3 billion
ElectricityParaguay95.2%over 75%Argentina · 3.4%$1.1 billion
Bulldozers and excavatorsChina58.3%United States · 12.4%$1.1 billion
Synthetic filament yarnChina60.1%India · 14.2%$1 billion
CokeColombia57.2%China · 16%$990 million
Electric heaters and hair dryersChina89.1%over 75%Indonesia · 2.3%$911 million
BatteriesChina68.1%Vietnam · 6.6%$897 million
Fresh fishChile99.6%over 75%Spain · 0.32%$857 million
ToysChina89.8%over 75%Vietnam · 2.9%$839 million
Parts for broadcast equipmentChina62.5%South Korea · 9.5%$801 million

and 461 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Countries that sell more than 50% of some product; the darker, the higher the value of those products.

Selling: who it relies on

Largest customer: China
27.5%
Concentration (HHI)
981

Concentration index (HHI): 981 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 10 customers of the same size

Trend in shares

China went from 2.5% to 27.5% of what Brazil sells

Share (%)

  • China 27.5%
  • United States 11.6%
  • Argentina 4%
  • Netherlands 3.2%
  • Spain 2.7%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest customerShare
1995United States18%
1996United States18.1%
1997United States17.7%
1998United States19%
1999United States22%
2000United States23.2%
2001United States23.1%
2002United States24.6%
2003United States22%
2004United States20.6%
2005United States19.3%
2006United States18.1%
2007United States14.9%
2008United States13.7%
2009China13.2%
2010China14.7%
2011China16.9%
2012China16.6%
2013China19.1%
2014China18%
2015China17.9%
2016China19.3%
2017China21.4%
2018China26.4%
2019China27.6%
2020China31.2%
2021China30.4%
2022China26%
2023China29.6%
2024China27.5%

260 of the 914 products Brazil sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Brazil sells of that product; in 90, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 22.7% of what Brazil sells.

ProductCustomerShareSecondValue
SoybeansChina72.5%Spain · 4.1%$44.4 billion
Iron oreChina60.4%Japan · 7.3%$34.9 billion
Frozen beefChina60.1%United States · 9%$10 billion
Airplanes and helicoptersUnited States51.4%Canada · 12.3%$4.1 billion
Semi-finished steelUnited States67.1%Canada · 6.3%$3.5 billion
Auto partsArgentina52.5%United States · 12.1%$2.6 billion
Pig ironUnited States83.2%over 75%Netherlands · 8.3%$1.8 billion
Soybean oilIndia56.2%China · 10.5%$1.3 billion
Transformers and power suppliesUnited States58.6%Sweden · 5.5%$934 million
Worked stoneUnited States77%over 75%Mexico · 5.7%$927 million
Dissolving wood pulpChina62.9%United States · 18%$926 million
Asphalt mixturesChina99.4%over 75%Paraguay · 0.34%$874 million
Alloy steel ingots and semi-finished productsUnited States91.4%over 75%Canada · 3.3%$713 million
Shaped wood and parquet stripsUnited States78.4%over 75%France · 6.4%$652 million
Dredgers and floating cranesSingapore93.3%over 75%Denmark · 5.9%$577 million

and 245 more

Concentration compared

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

RankCountryHHI
131Bolivia1,051
132Madagascar1,048
133Brazil1,023
134Togo1,021
135French Polynesia1,021
136Burundi1,014

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.