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Who does Ecuador rely on?

The largest supplier of Ecuador in 2024 is the United States, with 26.9% of what Ecuador buys. Its share was 20.1% in 2019 and 29% in 1995. 364 of the 752 products Ecuador buys for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what Ecuador buys of that product; in 126, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 38.3% of what Ecuador buys.

Summary

Largest supplier: United States
26.9%
Concentration (HHI)
1,374
Products with a supplier above 50%
364
Products with a supplier above 75%
126

Concentration index (HHI): 1,374 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 7 suppliers of the same size

Trend

Trend in shares

China went from 0.77% to 22.8% of what Ecuador buys

Share (%)

  • United States 26.9%
  • China 22.8%
  • Colombia 7.3%
  • Brazil 3.6%
  • Peru 3.3%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest supplierShare
1995United States29%
1996United States28.9%
1997United States28.2%
1998United States28.7%
1999United States28.1%
2000United States27%
2001United States23.8%
2002United States22.6%
2003United States18.3%
2004United States17.4%
2005United States18.4%
2006United States22%
2007United States20%
2008United States19.9%
2009United States25.8%
2010United States26.5%
2011United States20.9%
2012United States26.5%
2013United States24.7%
2014United States27.3%
2015United States23.1%
2016United States22.6%
2017United States19.6%
2018United States21.4%
2019United States20.1%
2020United States22.1%
2021China23.2%
2022United States25%
2023United States27.5%
2024United States26.9%

Its suppliers

  1. United States$7.9 billion · 26.9%
  2. China$6.7 billion · 22.8%
  3. Colombia$2.1 billion · 7.3%
  4. Brazil$1 billion · 3.6%
  5. Peru$975 million · 3.3%
  6. Italy$845 million · 2.9%
  7. South Korea$797 million · 2.7%
  8. Argentina$683 million · 2.3%
  9. Spain$677 million · 2.3%
  10. Canada$641 million · 2.2%

Products with a dominant supplier

Of the 752 products Ecuador buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

ProductSupplierShareSecondValue
Refined petroleumUnited States76.2%over 75%South Korea · 9.7%$4 billion
Coal tar oilsUnited States58.9%Italy · 19.5%$2.3 billion
Natural gas and LPGUnited States100%over 75%China · 0.03%$777 million
Cameras and broadcast equipmentChina69.7%Hong Kong · 8.9%$603 million
WheatCanada52.2%United States · 24%$487 million
Pet and animal feedPeru59.6%Guatemala · 5.7%$355 million
ComputersChina55.4%United States · 23.5%$341 million
ElectricityColombia99.9%over 75%Peru · 0.12%$331 million
Hot-rolled flat steelJapan55.4%China · 38.3%$267 million
PolyethyleneUnited States69.5%Brazil · 13.2%$242 million
New tiresChina70%Brazil · 4.1%$223 million
Nitrogen fertilizersRussia58.9%China · 17.1%$213 million
Kraft paper and paperboardUnited States79%over 75%Colombia · 6.9%$210 million
MotorcyclesChina74.7%India · 11.7%$201 million
Coated flat steelChina92.3%over 75%South Korea · 2.1%$182 million
Monitors and projectorsChina63.4%Indonesia · 9.8%$172 million
Sorting and crushing machinesChina67%Finland · 6.6%$153 million
Seamless steel pipesChina59.3%Colombia · 21.2%$140 million
Soybean oilBolivia80.5%over 75%Colombia · 13.1%$114 million
Air conditionersChina86.2%over 75%United States · 3.7%$110 million
Polyethers, polyesters and epoxy resinsChina67.1%United States · 5.7%$107 million
Meat and fish mealUnited States51.1%Peru · 35.4%$90 million
Lamps and light fittingsChina90.1%over 75%United States · 2.5%$79 million
Motor and generator partsSouth Korea78.8%over 75%China · 6.6%$76 million
ToysChina80.5%over 75%Malaysia · 3.5%$76 million

and 339 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Countries that sell more than 50% of some product; the darker, the higher the value of those products.

Selling: who it relies on

Largest customer: China
20.2%
Concentration (HHI)
992

Concentration index (HHI): 992 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 10 customers of the same size

Trend in shares

The United States went from 38.5% to 16.6% of what Ecuador sells

Share (%)

  • China 20.2%
  • United States 16.6%
  • Panama 15%
  • Peru 4.1%
  • Japan 3.3%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest customerShare
1995United States38.5%
1996United States35.2%
1997United States37.1%
1998United States34.5%
1999United States34.5%
2000United States35.2%
2001United States33.5%
2002United States37.1%
2003United States37%
2004United States39.8%
2005United States46.5%
2006United States49.2%
2007United States38.9%
2008United States41.9%
2009United States31.7%
2010United States34.8%
2011United States39.3%
2012United States39.4%
2013United States41.9%
2014United States39.5%
2015United States36.2%
2016United States31.7%
2017United States29.4%
2018United States28.7%
2019United States27.2%
2020United States24.5%
2021United States25.2%
2022United States27.7%
2023United States21.7%
2024China20.2%

122 of the 252 products Ecuador sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Ecuador sells of that product; in 57, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 7.6% of what Ecuador sells.

ProductCustomerShareSecondValue
Copper oreChina94.4%over 75%Peru · 4.8%$1.1 billion
Preserved fruit and nutsUnited States64.3%France · 7.3%$300 million
Particle board and OSBColombia53%Peru · 34.2%$202 million
Other fresh fruit (berries, kiwi)United States62.1%Saudi Arabia · 8.5%$199 million
Avocados, mangoes, pineapples and datesUnited States55.9%Netherlands · 9.1%$170 million
Palm oilColombia58.3%Mexico · 12.1%$128 million
Fish filletsUnited States54.5%Portugal · 23.1%$124 million
Raw tobaccoDominican Republic50.3%Nicaragua · 26.8%$120 million
Meat and fish mealChina67.6%Colombia · 8.4%$118 million
Copper scrapChina53.1%South Korea · 18.9%$95 million
Prepared shellfishUnited States57.1%Chile · 8.3%$92 million
LogsIndia86.2%over 75%China · 13.2%$81 million
Fresh fishUnited States96.3%over 75%Peru · 2.7%$79 million
Cables and wireUnited States82.4%over 75%Colombia · 6.7%$73 million
PlywoodUnited States98.5%over 75%Nicaragua · 1%$72 million

and 107 more

Concentration compared

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

RankCountryHHI
96Guinea-Bissau1,384
97Tanzania1,380
98Ecuador1,374
99Brunei1,373
100Portugal1,359
101Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1,345

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.