globaltraffic.earth

Who does India rely on?

The largest supplier of India in 2024 is China, with 17.8% of what India buys. Its share was 14.1% in 2019 and 2.7% in 1995. 487 of the 1,087 products India buys for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what India buys of that product; in 178, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 16.1% of what India buys.

Summary

Largest supplier: China
17.8%
Concentration (HHI)
627
Products with a supplier above 50%
487
Products with a supplier above 75%
178

Concentration index (HHI): 627 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting purchases among 16 suppliers of the same size

Trend

Trend in shares

China went from 2.7% to 17.8% of what India buys

Share (%)

  • China 17.8%
  • Russia 9.6%
  • United Arab Emirates 8.1%
  • United States 5.6%
  • Saudi Arabia 4.5%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest supplierShare
1995United States10.2%
1996United States9.1%
1997United States8.8%
1998United States8.4%
1999United States8.2%
2000United Kingdom7.9%
2001United States7.7%
2002United States8.1%
2003United States8.2%
2004China7.6%
2005China9.1%
2006China9.1%
2007China10.3%
2008China8.9%
2009China10.5%
2010China10.6%
2011China11%
2012China10.5%
2013China10.7%
2014China11.5%
2015China14.7%
2016China16.7%
2017China16%
2018China14.4%
2019China14.1%
2020China15.8%
2021China15.2%
2022China14.2%
2023China18.7%
2024China17.8%

Its suppliers

  1. China$122.3 billion · 17.8%
  2. Russia$66.4 billion · 9.6%
  3. United Arab Emirates$55.7 billion · 8.1%
  4. United States$38.7 billion · 5.6%
  5. Saudi Arabia$30.8 billion · 4.5%
  6. Iraq$29.9 billion · 4.3%
  7. Indonesia$24.4 billion · 3.6%
  8. Switzerland$21.9 billion · 3.2%
  9. South Korea$21.2 billion · 3.1%
  10. Japan$18.6 billion · 2.7%

Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.

Products with a dominant supplier

Of the 1,087 products India buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

ProductSupplierShareSecondValue
ComputersChina67.6%Malaysia · 8%$9.4 billion
Cameras and broadcast equipmentChina50.2%Vietnam · 12.9%$8.9 billion
Palm oilIndonesia53.1%Malaysia · 34.1%$8.4 billion
Phones and telecom equipmentChina76.8%over 75%Vietnam · 12.2%$7.4 billion
Diodes, transistors and solar cellsChina71.6%Vietnam · 9.2%$6.1 billion
Computer and office machine partsChina53.6%Vietnam · 12.5%$5.2 billion
Parts for broadcast equipmentChina89.7%over 75%Vietnam · 3.2%$4.4 billion
Other industrial machinesChina54.4%Germany · 12.1%$4.3 billion
Soybean oilArgentina67.2%Brazil · 17.5%$4.3 billion
Turbojets and gas turbinesUnited States59.9%France · 13.1%$3.8 billion
SilverUnited Arab Emirates54.2%United Kingdom · 10.9%$3.6 billion
Transformers and power suppliesChina64.4%Germany · 5.4%$3.5 billion
BatteriesChina78.3%over 75%South Korea · 7.2%$3.5 billion
Sunflower, safflower and cottonseed oilRussia60.2%Ukraine · 24.5%$3.3 billion
Refined copperJapan69.4%Republic of the Congo · 15.9%$2.8 billion
PlatinumUnited Arab Emirates66%Thailand · 19.8%$2.6 billion
Air pumps, compressors and fansChina54.3%Germany · 10.1%$2.6 billion
Nitrogen heterocyclic compoundsChina75.5%over 75%Italy · 4.1%$2.3 billion
Unrefined copperZambia75.2%over 75%Chile · 17.1%$2.1 billion
AntibioticsChina88.8%over 75%Italy · 2.6%$1.9 billion
Parts for cranes and excavatorsChina53.3%South Korea · 8.3%$1.7 billion
Plastic sheets and filmChina53.4%United States · 8.6%$1.7 billion
Cane and beet sugarBrazil99%over 75%France · 0.47%$1.7 billion
Microphones and speakersChina63.4%Vietnam · 22%$1.7 billion
Other nuts (almonds, walnuts)United States66.2%Iran · 9.4%$1.7 billion

and 462 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.

Countries that sell more than 50% of some product; the darker, the higher the value of those products.

Selling: who it relies on

Largest customer: United States
19.4%
Concentration (HHI)
556

Concentration index (HHI): 556 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 18 customers of the same size

Trend in shares

The United Arab Emirates went from 3.7% to 8.1% of what India sells

Share (%)

  • United States 19.4%
  • United Arab Emirates 8.1%
  • China 3.8%
  • United Kingdom 3.3%
  • Germany 3.1%

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearLargest customerShare
1995United States16.2%
1996United States16.6%
1997United States17.8%
1998United States20.5%
1999United States21.7%
2000United States21%
2001United States18.8%
2002United States20.8%
2003United States18.4%
2004United States17.1%
2005United States17%
2006United States16%
2007United States14.3%
2008United States12%
2009United Arab Emirates13.1%
2010United States12.2%
2011United States12.3%
2012United States14.1%
2013United States14.1%
2014United States14.8%
2015United States16.5%
2016United States17.4%
2017United States16.3%
2018United States16.5%
2019United States17.1%
2020United States17.9%
2021United States18.5%
2022United States18.9%
2023United States18.9%
2024United States19.4%

173 of the 1,084 products India sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what India sells of that product; in 54, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 5.1% of what India sells.

ProductCustomerShareSecondValue
Iron oreChina90.3%over 75%Malaysia · 3.6%$3.4 billion
Bed, table and kitchen linenUnited States55.5%Canada · 4.8%$2.9 billion
Coal tar oilsUnited Arab Emirates65.2%Malaysia · 13.9%$2.7 billion
Diodes, transistors and solar cellsUnited States91.9%over 75%United Arab Emirates · 1.6%$1.8 billion
Synthetic gemstonesUnited States54.9%United Arab Emirates · 12.9%$1.8 billion
Printing and writing inksUnited Arab Emirates79.3%over 75%United States · 2.6%$1.3 billion
ElectricityBangladesh92.1%over 75%Nepal · 6%$1.2 billion
Raw cottonBangladesh70.8%China · 15.1%$925 million
Prepared shellfishUnited States68.9%Canada · 5.4%$783 million
Tufted carpetsUnited States57.3%United Kingdom · 5.2%$713 million
Mattresses, pillows and quiltsUnited States52.9%France · 6.3%$672 million
SaltChina51.1%South Korea · 17.5%$642 million
Granite and building stoneChina56.7%United Kingdom · 9.6%$638 million
Copper wireSaudi Arabia87.2%over 75%Nepal · 4.3%$607 million
Prepared human hairChina83.5%over 75%Vietnam · 6.2%$578 million

and 158 more

Concentration compared

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

RankCountryHHI
188Tunisia660
189Sweden654
190India627
191Côte d'Ivoire624
192Finland624
193Netherlands612

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.