Who does Ireland rely on?

1. United States$24 billion · 17.3%
2. United Kingdom$23.8 billion · 17.1%
3. China$12.3 billion · 8.9%
4. France$12.2 billion · 8.8%
5. Germany$10.5 billion · 7.6%
6. Netherlands$7.7 billion · 5.6%
7. Israel$4.2 billion · 3%
8. Italy$3.7 billion · 2.6%
9. Spain$3.2 billion · 2.3%
10. Belgium$3.1 billion · 2.2%

Some of these goods may have been produced in another country: countries record origin in different ways.

Of the 961 products Ireland buys for more than $1 million in 2024, these are the highest-value ones with a dominant supplier.

and 254 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

Largest customer: United States

34.2%

Concentration (HHI)

1,467

Concentration index (HHI): 1,467 out of 10,000; equivalent to splitting sales among 7 customers of the same size

387 of the 758 products Ireland sells for more than $1 million have a customer buying more than 50% of what Ireland sells of that product; in 171, more than 75%. In those products, sales to each one’s dominant customer add up to 25.6% of what Ireland sells.

and 372 more

Largest supplier outside the EU: United States

26.7%

Concentration (HHI) · Supplier

1,669

Largest customer outside the EU: United States

50.9%

Concentration (HHI) · Customer

2,874

530 of the 879 products Ireland buys from outside the EU for more than $1 million have a supplier selling more than 50% of what Ireland buys of that product; in 243, more than 75%. In those products, purchases from each one’s dominant supplier add up to 47.1% of what Ireland buys from outside the EU.

Who does the European Union rely on?

The closest countries in the concentration ranking (HHI, highest first).

• Trade profile of Ireland
• Trade between Ireland and Australia
• Trade between Ireland and Austria
• Trade between Ireland and Belgium
• Trade between Ireland and Brazil
• Trade between Ireland and Canada
• Trade between Ireland and China
• Trade between Ireland and Czechia
• Trade between Ireland and Denmark
• Trade between Ireland and France
• Trade between Ireland and Germany
• Trade between Ireland and Hungary
• Trade between Ireland and India
• Trade between Ireland and Israel
• Trade between Ireland and Italy
• Trade between Ireland and Japan
• Trade between Ireland and Malaysia
• Trade between Ireland and Mexico
• Trade between Ireland and the Netherlands
• Trade between Ireland and Poland
• Trade between Ireland and Portugal
• Trade between Ireland and Saudi Arabia
• Trade between Ireland and Singapore
• Trade between Ireland and South Korea
• Trade between Ireland and Spain
• Trade between Ireland and Sweden
• Trade between Ireland and Switzerland
• Trade between Ireland and Taiwan
• Trade between Ireland and Thailand
• Trade between Ireland and Turkey
• Trade between Ireland and the United Kingdom
• Trade between Ireland and the United States
• Trade between Ireland and Vietnam
• Dependence of Ireland on the United Kingdom
• Dependence of Ireland on the United States
• Dependence of Ireland on Israel
• Dependence of Ireland on China
• Dependence of Ireland on Italy
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.