How dependent is Spain on France?

and 3 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• France sells 14% of what the world exports of electricity; next come Germany (6.8%), Switzerland (6.1%) and Austria (5.5%). The rest of the world exported 48.9 times what Spain buys from France.
• France sells 39.6% of what the world exports of perfumes; next come Italy (10%), United States (5.1%) and United Arab Emirates (4.6%). The rest of the world exported 12.7 times what Spain buys from France.
• France sells 21.6% of what the world exports of potatoes; next come Netherlands (15.1%), Germany (14.2%) and Egypt (6.4%). The rest of the world exported 14.7 times what Spain buys from France.
• France sells 14.2% of what the world exports of live cattle; next come Canada (14.8%), Mexico (11%) and Australia (7.1%). The rest of the world exported 38.5 times what Spain buys from France.
• France sells 33.8% of what the world exports of wine; next come Italy (23%), Australia (5.1%) and Chile (4.3%). The rest of the world exported 121.5 times what Spain buys from France.
• France sells 5.9% of what the world exports of organosulfur compounds; next come China (34.7%), Japan (9.3%) and Belgium (7.6%). The rest of the world exported 49.1 times what Spain buys from France.
• France sells 4.3% of what the world exports of waste paper; next come United States (30.8%), United Kingdom (8.3%) and Netherlands (5.3%). The rest of the world exported 65.5 times what Spain buys from France.
• France sells 7.9% of what the world exports of diesel and other locomotives; next come United States (32.2%), South Korea (11.1%) and Germany (8.7%). The rest of the world exported 14.9 times what Spain buys from France.
• France sells 6.2% of what the world exports of epoxides (ethylene and propylene oxide); next come Netherlands (17.2%), United States (15.4%) and Germany (14.1%). The rest of the world exported 50.2 times what Spain buys from France.
• France sells 13.4% of what the world exports of lead scrap; next come United States (17.7%), United Kingdom (11.9%) and Australia (9.8%). The rest of the world exported 11.5 times what Spain buys from France.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Spain is France’s 5th-largest customer, with 6.4% of its exports.

• Trade between Spain and France
• Who does Spain rely on?
• Who does France rely on?
• Dependence of Spain on China
• Dependence of Spain on Morocco
• Dependence of Spain on Brazil
• Dependence of Spain on the United Kingdom
• Dependence of Spain on Ukraine
• Dependence of Spain on the United States
• Dependence of Spain on Italy
• Dependence of Spain on Switzerland
• Trade profile of Spain
• Trade profile of France
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.