How dependent is Spain on China?

and 36 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• China sells 39.2% of what the world exports of diodes, transistors and solar cells; next come Malaysia (8.6%), Japan (7.4%) and Vietnam (5.9%). The rest of the world exported 57.8 times what Spain buys from China.
• China sells 59.2% of what the world exports of lamps and light fittings; next come Germany (4.7%), Mexico (4%) and Italy (3.6%). The rest of the world exported 28 times what Spain buys from China.
• China sells 66.3% of what the world exports of toys; next come Vietnam (5.8%), Czechia (4.1%) and Mexico (2.6%). The rest of the world exported 35.1 times what Spain buys from China.
• China sells 50.4% of what the world exports of sports equipment; next come Taiwan (6.2%), United States (4.7%) and Vietnam (4.6%). The rest of the world exported 33.5 times what Spain buys from China.
• China sells 56.2% of what the world exports of home appliances; next come Germany (7.7%), Malaysia (6.5%) and Vietnam (4.9%). The rest of the world exported 32.4 times what Spain buys from China.
• China sells 51.3% of what the world exports of vacuum cleaners; next come Vietnam (8.2%), Germany (7.7%) and Mexico (7.2%). The rest of the world exported 50.6 times what Spain buys from China.
• China sells 50.1% of what the world exports of printed circuit boards; next come Taiwan (9.5%), South Korea (8.6%) and Japan (7.8%). The rest of the world exported 125 times what Spain buys from China.
• China sells 69.1% of what the world exports of steel kitchenware and household articles; next come India (4.2%), Germany (3.8%) and France (2.8%). The rest of the world exported 28.1 times what Spain buys from China.
• China sells 51.3% of what the world exports of costume jewelry; next come Italy (8.8%), France (8%) and Thailand (4.3%). The rest of the world exported 27.4 times what Spain buys from China.
• China sells 14.6% of what the world exports of pepper, dried chili and paprika; next come India (24.8%), Vietnam (20.2%) and Indonesia (5.4%). The rest of the world exported 37 times what Spain buys from China.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Spain is China’s 25th-largest customer, with 1.3% of its exports.

• Trade between Spain and China
• Who does Spain rely on?
• Who does China rely on?
• Dependence of Spain on France
• Dependence of Spain on Morocco
• Dependence of Spain on Brazil
• Dependence of Spain on the United Kingdom
• Dependence of Spain on Ukraine
• Dependence of Spain on the United States
• Dependence of Spain on Italy
• Dependence of Spain on Switzerland
• Trade profile of Spain
• Trade profile of China
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.