How dependent is Spain on Italy?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Italy sells 28.2% of what the world exports of pasta; next come South Korea (9%), China (7.6%) and Turkey (5.7%). The rest of the world exported 58.2 times what Spain buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 19.6% of what the world exports of tanned cattle hides; next come Brazil (10%), United States (9.4%) and China (7.6%). The rest of the world exported 58.6 times what Spain buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 22.9% of what the world exports of ceramic tiles; next come China (17.3%), India (13.4%) and Turkey (4.1%). The rest of the world exported 154.4 times what Spain buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 24% of what the world exports of vending machines; next come China (20.9%), Germany (5.6%) and Poland (5.2%). The rest of the world exported 29.6 times what Spain buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 40.3% of what the world exports of vermouth and flavored wine; next come France (16.5%), Germany (7.4%) and Latvia (5.8%). The rest of the world exported 9.4 times what Spain buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 49.7% of what the world exports of wool fabrics; next come China (14.9%), United Kingdom (8.8%) and Japan (3.4%). The rest of the world exported 10.1 times what Spain buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 8% of what the world exports of alloy steel ingots and semi-finished products; next come Brazil (16.7%), Mexico (12.3%) and Germany (7.5%). The rest of the world exported 113.3 times what Spain buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 49.7% of what the world exports of combed wool fabric; next come China (11.6%), United Kingdom (6.5%) and Japan (4%). The rest of the world exported 39.3 times what Spain buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 4.7% of what the world exports of heavy blended cotton fabric; next come China (60.9%), Pakistan (5.5%) and India (5.2%). The rest of the world exported 166 times what Spain buys from Italy.
• Italy sells 0.51% of what the world exports of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine; next come Chile (50.6%), Japan (11.5%) and Belgium (9.3%). The rest of the world exported 239.4 times what Spain buys from Italy.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Spain is Italy’s 6th-largest customer, with 4.8% of its exports.

• Trade between Spain and Italy
• Who does Spain rely on?
• Who does Italy rely on?
• Dependence of Spain on China
• Dependence of Spain on France
• Dependence of Spain on Morocco
• Dependence of Spain on Brazil
• Dependence of Spain on the United Kingdom
• Dependence of Spain on Ukraine
• Dependence of Spain on the United States
• Dependence of Spain on Switzerland
• Trade profile of Spain
• Trade profile of Italy
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.