How dependent is Belgium on France?

and 6 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• France sells 33.8% of what the world exports of wine; next come Italy (23%), Spain (8.9%) and Australia (5.1%). The rest of the world exported 42.7 times what Belgium buys from France.
• France sells 7.5% of what the world exports of wheat; next come Russia (16.1%), Canada (13.7%) and United States (11.5%). The rest of the world exported 90.7 times what Belgium buys from France.
• France sells 28.1% of what the world exports of water; next come Italy (19.7%), China (13%) and Fiji (4.4%). The rest of the world exported 10 times what Belgium buys from France.
• France sells 15.6% of what the world exports of barley; next come Australia (20.1%), Russia (10.8%) and Argentina (8.2%). The rest of the world exported 21.3 times what Belgium buys from France.
• France sells 57.6% of what the world exports of raw flax; next come Egypt (7.7%), Italy (3.1%) and Belarus (2.9%). The rest of the world exported 1.7 times what Belgium buys from France.
• France sells 3.7% of what the world exports of fiberboard (MDF); next come Germany (15.1%), China (10.4%) and Turkey (8.5%). The rest of the world exported 56.1 times what Belgium buys from France.
• France sells 10.4% of what the world exports of live poultry; next come Germany (18.8%), United States (8.8%) and United Kingdom (8.8%). The rest of the world exported 21.9 times what Belgium buys from France.
• France sells 13.1% of what the world exports of malt; next come Germany (9%), Canada (8%) and Australia (7.7%). The rest of the world exported 28.1 times what Belgium buys from France.
• France sells 11.5% of what the world exports of ice cream; next come Germany (11.7%), Netherlands (7.4%) and Poland (7.1%). The rest of the world exported 37.8 times what Belgium buys from France.
• France sells 3.8% of what the world exports of stainless steel ingots and semi-finished products; next come Indonesia (57.6%), United Kingdom (10.7%) and Sweden (5.1%). The rest of the world exported 40.9 times what Belgium buys from France.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Belgium is France’s 4th-largest customer, with 7.3% of its exports.

• Trade between Belgium and France
• Who does Belgium rely on?
• Who does France rely on?
• Dependence of Belgium on the Netherlands
• Dependence of Belgium on Ireland
• Dependence of Belgium on Germany
• Dependence of Belgium on Sweden
• Dependence of Belgium on the United States
• Dependence of Belgium on Russia
• Dependence of Belgium on China
• Trade profile of Belgium
• Trade profile of France
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.