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How much of Russia’s trade passes through the Øresund?

In 2024, an estimated $86.5 billion of Russia’s trade passed through the Øresund, 30.1% of its seaborne trade. That is $71.2 billion of exports and $15.3 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are India, China and Turkey.

Summary

Estimated value
$86.5billion
Of its seaborne trade
30.1%
Exports
$71.2billion
Imports
$15.3billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Russia’s estimated trade through the Øresund fell 25% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Russia 86.5

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$20.6 billion27.4%
1996$28.6 billion27.8%
1997$28.6 billion27.7%
1998$24.1 billion27.7%
1999$22.2 billion27.9%
2000$26.6 billion28%
2001$27.4 billion28%
2002$29.9 billion27.9%
2003$37.9 billion28.4%
2004$53 billion28.4%
2005$71.2 billion28.5%
2006$86.6 billion28.2%
2007$103.3 billion28.3%
2008$127.9 billion27.8%
2009$89.4 billion28.5%
2010$111.9 billion28.3%
2011$135.2 billion27.6%
2012$138.5 billion27.8%
2013$134.9 billion27.8%
2014$136.8 billion28.4%
2015$93.8 billion28.8%
2016$85.5 billion28.6%
2017$106.4 billion28.6%
2018$121.5 billion28.8%
2019$114.8 billion28.9%
2020$89.7 billion28.8%
2021$130.6 billion29.1%
2022$125.1 billion28.1%
2023$96.5 billion30%
2024$86.5 billion30.1%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Russia–India$21.3 billion · 24.7%
  2. Russia–China$11.6 billion · 13.5%
  3. Russia–Turkey$10.4 billion · 12%
  4. Russia–Brazil$4.2 billion · 4.8%
  5. Russia–Uzbekistan$3.2 billion · 3.7%
  6. Russia–South Korea$3.1 billion · 3.6%
  7. Russia–Japan$2.1 billion · 2.5%
  8. Russia–Egypt$2 billion · 2.3%
  9. Russia–Italy$2 billion · 2.3%
  10. Russia–Hungary$1.8 billion · 2.1%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Crude petroleum$18.3 billion · 21.2%
  2. Refined petroleum$14.1 billion · 16.3%
  3. Natural gas and LPG$7.7 billion · 9%
  4. Coal$6.9 billion · 8%
  5. Wheat$2.7 billion · 3.1%
  6. Mixed fertilizers$1.7 billion · 1.9%
  7. Nitrogen fertilizers$1.6 billion · 1.8%
  8. Semi-finished steel$1.6 billion · 1.8%
  9. Potash fertilizers$1.5 billion · 1.7%
  10. Sunflower, safflower and cottonseed oil$1.3 billion · 1.6%

Reference ports

Saint Petersburg (31%), Murmansk (10%), Novorossiysk (32%) and Vladivostok (27%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

The Great Belt is not included in the estimate: only the trade that crosses the Øresund is counted.

All maritime chokepoints