How dependent is Mongolia on China?

and 215 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• China sells 7.5% of what the world exports of trucks; next come Mexico (19.7%), United States (11.3%) and Germany (7.6%). The rest of the world exported 476.7 times what Mongolia buys from China.
• China sells 25.8% of what the world exports of bulldozers and excavators; next come Japan (19.7%), United States (6.8%) and Germany (6.3%). The rest of the world exported 264.9 times what Mongolia buys from China.
• China sells 1.7% of what the world exports of airplanes and helicopters; next come United States (25.2%), France (24.9%) and Germany (15.2%). The rest of the world exported 924.1 times what Mongolia buys from China.
• China sells 29.7% of what the world exports of steel structures; next come Germany (8.4%), Poland (4.7%) and Turkey (4.4%). The rest of the world exported 287.9 times what Mongolia buys from China.
• China sells 2.7% of what the world exports of electricity; next come France (14%), Germany (6.8%) and Switzerland (6.1%). The rest of the world exported 463.4 times what Mongolia buys from China.
• China sells 10.8% of what the world exports of steel bars; next come Turkey (11.5%), Malaysia (10.3%) and Italy (6.2%). The rest of the world exported 136.3 times what Mongolia buys from China.
• China sells 31.7% of what the world exports of sorting and crushing machines; next come Germany (10%), United Kingdom (6.5%) and Italy (6.3%). The rest of the world exported 123.4 times what Mongolia buys from China.
• China sells 22.8% of what the world exports of new tires; next come Thailand (8%), Japan (6%) and Germany (5.3%). The rest of the world exported 734 times what Mongolia buys from China.
• China sells 10.3% of what the world exports of tractors; next come Mexico (15.9%), Germany (14.8%) and Netherlands (8.1%). The rest of the world exported 638.7 times what Mongolia buys from China.
• China sells 20.4% of what the world exports of trailers; next come Germany (17.8%), United States (11.5%) and Mexico (9.8%). The rest of the world exported 272.1 times what Mongolia buys from China.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Mongolia is China’s 81st-largest customer, with 0.13% of its exports.

• Trade between Mongolia and China
• Who does Mongolia rely on?
• Who does China rely on?
• Dependence of Mongolia on Japan
• Trade profile of Mongolia
• Trade profile of China
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.